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open access

World Trade Organization (WTO): Issues in the Debate on Continued U.S. Participation

Description: Following World War II, the United States led efforts to establish an open and nondiscriminatory trading system with the expressed goal of raising the economic well-being of all countries and bolstering world peace. These efforts culminated in the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, a provisional agreement on tariffs and trade rules that governed world trade for 47 years. The World Trade Organization (WTO) succeeded the GATT in 1995 and today serves as a perma… more
Date: June 16, 2010
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J. & Fergusson, Ian F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Laser fusion experiments at LLL

Description: These notes present the experimental basis and status for laser fusion as developed at LLL. Two other chapters, one authored by K.A. Brueckner and the other by C. Max, present the theoretical implosion physics and laser plasma interaction physics. The notes consist of six sections. The first is an introductory section which provides some of the history of inertial fusion and a simple explanation of the concepts involved. The second section presents an extensive discussion of diagnostic instrume… more
Date: June 16, 1980
Creator: Ahlstrom, H.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Three-Body Breakup Dynamics in Dissociative Recombination

Description: Using the CRYRing Facility in Stockholm Coupled with an MCP-CCD detector, and a differential stopping foil, we have determined dynamic parameters in the three-body dissociative recombination of H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>. These include the distribution between the O(<sup>3</sup>P) and O(<sup>1</sup>D) channels, the distribution of H atom recoil energies in the O(<sup>3</sup>P) channel and the distribution of angles between the two departing H atoms.
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Al-Khalili, A.; Datz, S.; Derkatch, A.; Larsson, M.; Rosén, S.; Shi, W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Ready, set...go!

Description: The objectives of this paper are: (1) Discuss organizational readiness for changes in an ergonomics program or intervention; (2) Assessing organizational readiness; (3) Benefits and challenges of change; and (4) Case studies of ergonomic programs that were 'not ready' and 'ready'.
Date: June 16, 2010
Creator: Alexandre, Melanie
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

A reservoir management plan

Description: There are numerous documented cases of extraction of fluids from the ground causing surface subsidence. The cases include groundwater, oil and gas, as well as geothermal fluid withdrawal. A recent comprehensive review of all types of man-induced land subsidence was published by the Geological Survey of America. At the early stages of a geothermal power development project it is standard practice in most countries for an environmental impact report to be required. The possibility of geothermal s… more
Date: June 16, 1989
Creator: Allis, R.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Observation of Self-Sputtering in Energetic Condensation of Metal Ions

Description: The condensation of energetic metal ions on a surface may cause self-sputtering even in the absence of substrate bias. Charge-state-averaged self-sputtering yields were determined for both zirconium and gold ions generated by a cathodic vacuum arc. Films were deposited on differently biased substrates exposed to streaming Zr and Au vacuum arc plasma. The self-sputtering yields for both metals were estimated to be about 0.05 in the absence of bias, and exceeding 0.5 when bias reached-50 V. These… more
Date: June 16, 2004
Creator: Anders, Andre
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Cs, Sr, and Ba Sorption on Clays and Fe-Oxides

Description: Technical guidance for performance assessment (PA) of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) sites is currently dependent upon experimental retardation factors (K{sub D}'s) to predict radionuclide transport. Accurate predictions of waste transport or retardation will require mechanistic models of radionuclide sorption so as to be applicable to a wide range of soil/groundwater environments. To that end, we have investigated Cs{sup +}, Sr{sup +}, and Ba{sup 2+} sorption on several clay and Fe-oxide m… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Anderson, H. L.; Brady, P. V.; Cygan, R. T.; Gruenhagen, S. E.; Nagy, K. L. & Westrich, H. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Identification and Prioritization of Analysis Cases for Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Risk Screening

Description: In this report we describe the development of the Environmental Risk Evaluation System (ERES), a risk-informed analytical process for estimating the environmental risks associated with the construction and operation of marine and hydrokinetic energy generation projects. The development process consists of two main phases of analysis. In the first phase, preliminary risk analyses will take the form of screening studies in which key environmental impacts and the uncertainties that create risk are… more
Date: June 16, 2010
Creator: Anderson, Richard M.; Unwin, Stephen D. & Van Cleve, Frances B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Harnessing the power of the new SMP cluster architecture

Description: In 1993, members of our team collaborated with Silicon Graphics to perform the first full-scale demonstration of the computational power of the SMP cluster supercomputer architecture. That demonstration involved the simulation of homogeneous, compressible turbulence on a uniform grid of a billion cells, using our PPM gas dynamics code. This computation was embarrassingly parallel, the ideal test case, and it achieved only 4.9 Gflop/s performance, slightly over half that achievable by this appli… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Anderson, S. E.; Cohen, R. H.; Curtis, B. C.; Dannevik, W. P.; Dimits, A. M.; Dinge, D. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock

Description: We present a simple spreadsheet-based tool for estimating window-related energy consumption in the United States. Using available data on the properties of the installed US window stock, we estimate that windows are responsible for 2.15 quadrillion Btu (Quads) of heating energy consumption and 1.48 Quads of cooling energy consumption annually. We develop estimates of average U-factor and SHGC for current window sales. We estimate that a complete replacement of the installed window stock with th… more
Date: June 16, 2006
Creator: Apte, Joshua & Arasteh, Dariush
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Isentropic Compression Experiments on the Z Accelerator

Description: This paper provides a brief review of experimental techniques for producing dynamic isentropic compression of samples to pressures of several hundred GPa. Traditional gun launch techniques include use of buffer plates, such as fused silica, that exhibit negative curvature to their stress-strain response and graded-density impactors. Graded-density impactors have been used to study isentropic compression of specimens to pressures exceeding 2 Mbar on high-impedance materials. A recent development… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Asay, J.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Measurement of the Nickel/Nickel Oxide Transition in Ni-Cr-Fe Alloys and Updated Data and Correlations to Quantify the Effect of Aqueous Hydrogen on Primary Water SCC

Description: Alloys 600 and X-750 have been shown to exhibit a maximum in primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) susceptibility, when testing is conducted over a range of aqueous hydrogen (H{sub 2}) levels. Contact electric resistance (CER) and corrosion coupon testing using nickel specimens has shown that the maximum in SCC susceptibility occurs in proximity to the nickel-nickel oxide (Ni/NiO) phase transition. The measured location of the Ni/NiO transition has been shown to vary with temperature,… more
Date: June 16, 2003
Creator: Attanasio, Steven A. & Morton, David S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

High Capacity High Speed Optical Data Storage System Based on Diffraction-Free Nanobeam. Final Report, 09-02-98 to 03-17-99

Description: Physical Optics Corporation (POC) investigated the development of an optical data storage system built around a current well-engineered high-speed optical disk system with an innovative diffraction-free micro-optical element to produce a beam {approximately}250 nm wide with {approximately}4-5 mm depth of focus, allowing the system to address data at {approximately}100 Mbits/second and to store it 100 to 1,000 times more densely ({approximately}10 Gbit/in.{sup 2}) than in present systems. In Pha… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Aye, Tin
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

The Community Climate System Model Project from an Interagency Perspective

Description: In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will publish its Fourth Assessment Report of the Scientific Basis of Climate Change (AR4). A significant portion of the AR4 will be the analysis of coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations of the climate of the past century as well as scenarios of future climates under prescribed emission scenarios. Modeling groups worldwide have contributed to AR4, including three from the U.S., the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) p… more
Date: June 16, 2005
Creator: Bader, D C; Bamzai, A; Fein, J; Patrinos, A & Leinen, M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Performance testing of hydrogen transport membranes at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Description: The development of hydrogen transport ceramic membranes offers increased opportunities for hydrogen gas separation and utilization. Commercial application of such membranes will most likely take place under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure, where industrial processes producing and or utilizing hydrogen occur, and where such membranes are theoretically expected to have the greatest permeability. Hydrogen separation membrane performance data at elevated temperature is quite limited… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Balachandran, U.; Cugini, A. V.; Dorris, S. E.; Fisher, E. P.; Graham, W. J.; Martello, D. V. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Noise Suppression and Enhanced Focusability in Plasma Raman Amplifier with Multi-frequency Pump

Description: Laser pulse compression/amplification through Raman backscattering in plasmas can be facilitated by using multi-frequency pump laser beams. The efficiency of amplification is increased by suppressing the Raman instability of thermal fluctuations and seed precursors. Also the focusability of the amplified radiation is enhanced due to the suppression of large-scale longitudinal speckles in the pump wave structure.
Date: June 16, 2003
Creator: Balakin, A. A.; Fraiman, G. M.; Fisch, N. J. & Malkin, V. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

eGY-Africa: Addressing the Digital Divide for Science in Africa

Description: Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but because of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide between Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, education and research sector suffers some of the worst deficiencies in access to the Internet, despite progress in development of NRENs - National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknow… more
Date: June 16, 2010
Creator: Barton, C. E.; Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Barry, B.; Chukwuma; Cottrell, R. L.; Kalim, U. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Secondary Cosmic Ray Particles Due to GCR Interactions in the Earth's Atmosphere

Description: Primary GCR interact with the Earth's atmosphere originating atmospheric showers, thus giving rise to fluxes of secondary particles in the atmosphere. Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions interplay in the production of these particles, whose detection is performed by means of complementary techniques in different energy ranges and at different depths in the atmosphere, down to the Earth's surface. Monte Carlo codes are essential calculation tools which can describe the complexity of the ph… more
Date: June 16, 2009
Creator: Battistoni, G.; Cerutti, F.; Fasso, A.; Ferrari, A.; Garzelli, M.V.; Lantz, M. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Aqueous complexation of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations by N,N,N'{sub 2},N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine.

Description: The aqueous complexation reactions of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations with the hexadentate ligand N,N,N{prime},N{prime}-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), have been characterized using potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques in 0.1 M NaClO{sub 4} At 25 C, the stability constant of Am(TPEN){sup 3+} is two orders of magnitude larger than that of Sm(TPEN){sup 3+}, reflecting the stronger interactions of the trivalent actinide cations with softer ligands as compared to l… more
Date: June 16, 1999
Creator: Beitz, J. V.; Ensor, D. D.; Jensen, M. P. & Morss, L. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
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