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Prediction of Corrosion of Alloys in Mixed-Solvent Environments

Description: Corrosion is much less predictable in organic or mixed-solvent environments than in aqueous process environments. As a result, US chemical companies face greater uncertainty when selecting process equipment materials to manufacture chemical products using organic or mixed solvents than when the process environments are only aqueous. Chemical companies handle this uncertainty by overdesigning the equipment (wasting money and energy), rather than by accepting increased risks of corrosion failure … more
Date: June 5, 2003
Creator: A. Anderko, P. Wang, R. D. Young, D. P. Riemer, P. McKenzie and M. M. Lencka (OLI Systems Inc.) & Laboratory), S. S. Babu and P. Angelini (Oak Ridge National
open access

INCONEL 690 CORROSION IN WTP (WASTE TREATMENT PLANT) HLW (HIGH LEVEL WASTE) GLASS MELTS RICH IN ALUMINUM & BISMUTH & CHROMIUM OR ALUMINUM/SODIUM

Description: Metal corrosion tests were conducted with four high waste loading non-Fe-limited HLW glass compositions. The results at 1150 C (the WTP nominal melter operating temperature) show corrosion performance for all four glasses that is comparable to that of other typical borosilicate waste glasses, including HLW glass compositions that have been developed for iron-limited WTP streams. Of the four glasses tested, the Bi-limited composition shows the greatest extent of corrosion, which may be related t… more
Date: November 5, 2009
Creator: AA, KRUGER; Z, FENG; H, GAN & IL, PEGG
open access

Infiltration Heat Recovery in Building Walls: Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigations Results

Description: Conventional calculations of heating (and cooling) loads for buildings assume that conduction heat loss (or gain) through walls is independent of air infiltration heat loss (or gain). During passage through the building envelope, infiltrating air substantially exchanges heat wall insulation leading to partial recovery of heat conducted through the wall. The Infiltration Heat Recovery (IHR) factor was introduced to quantify the heat recovery and correct the conventional calculations. In this stu… more
Date: August 5, 2002
Creator: Abadie, Marc O.; Finlayson, Elizabeth U. & Gadgil, Ashok J.
open access

Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring

Description: The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a subs… more
Date: June 5, 2002
Creator: Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
open access

A Low Cost Experimental Neutron Chain Reactor Part 2

Description: Description of cooling, shielding, controls are discussed for 100 kw and 1 Mw operation of a low cost experimental neutron chain reactor.
Date: February 5, 1954
Creator: Abernathy, Fred H.; Barrett, Lawrence G.; Berger, William A.; Dever, John A.; Maurer, John F.; Mesler, Russell B. et al.
open access

Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays from PKS 1424+240 and Multiwavelength Constraints on its Redshift

Description: We report the first detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission above 140GeV from PKS 1424+240, a BL Lac object with an unknown redshift. The photon spectrum above 140GeV measured by VERITAS is well described by a power law with a photon index of 3.8 {+-}0.5{sub stat} {+-} 0.3{sub syst} and a flux normalization at 200 GeV of (5.1 {+-} 0.9{sub stat} {+-} 0.5{sub syst}) x 10{sup -11} TeV{sup -1} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}, where stat and syst denote the statistical and systematical uncertain… more
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Acciari, V. A.; Aliu, E.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Bautista, M.; Beilicke, M. et al.
open access

Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas

Description: Syngas is known to contain approximately 1 percent H[sub 2]S, along with CO[sub 2], C0[sub 2], H[sub 2] and CH[sub 4]. Similarly, the syngas may become contaminated with oxygen, particularly during reactor start-up and during maintenance. Previous studies with the water-gas shift bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have shown that the bacterium is tolerant of small quantities of oxygen, but the effects of oxygen on CO-consumption are unknown. Similarly, R. rubrum is known to be tolerant of H[sub 2]… more
Date: January 5, 1993
Creator: Ackerson, M. D.; Clausen, E. C. & Gaddy, J. L.
open access

Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Project Status Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992

Description: Syngas is known to contain approximately 1 percent H{sub 2}S, along with CO{sub 2}, C0{sub 2}, H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4}. Similarly, the syngas may become contaminated with oxygen, particularly during reactor start-up and during maintenance. Previous studies with the water-gas shift bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have shown that the bacterium is tolerant of small quantities of oxygen, but the effects of oxygen on CO-consumption are unknown. Similarly, R. rubrum is known to be tolerant of H{sub 2}… more
Date: January 5, 1993
Creator: Ackerson, M. D.; Clausen, E. C. & Gaddy, J. L.
open access

Microstructural dependence of cavitation damage in polycrystalline materials. Final report, 1 November 1992--31 October 1994

Description: Microstructure of a sample of Inconel X-750 damaged by ISCC (intergranular stress corrosion cracking) was examined after fatigue precracking in a high-temperature environment of deaerated water. Orientation imaging microscopy was used to reveal the microstructure adjacent to the crack path. General high-angle boundaries were found to be most susceptible to cracking. An ordering of the susceptibilities to ISCC damage was proposed; all boundaries have been classified into one of 12 categories. A … more
Date: February 5, 1996
Creator: Adams, B.L.
open access

Recovery of Uranium From Fiberglass Air Filters

Description: Abstract: Various procedures for extracting uranium from fiberglass air filters have been tested and compared. Satisfactory results which involve the least amount of handling are obtained by simply washing the material with hot 1:1 hydrochloric acid.
Date: August 5, 1946
Creator: Adams, R. H.; Rogers, J. A. & Brown, K. B.
open access

Attrition Resistant Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Based on FCC Supports

Description: Commercial spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts provided by Engelhard and Albemarle were used as supports for Fe-based catalysts with the goal of improving the attrition resistance of typical F-T catalysts. Catalysts with the Ruhrchemie composition (100 Fe/5 Cu/4.2 K/25 spent FCC on mass basis) were prepared by wet impregnation. XRD and XANES analysis showed the presence of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} in calcined catalysts. FeC{sub x} and Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} were present in the activated catalyst… more
Date: February 5, 2010
Creator: Adeyiga, Adeyinka
open access

Carbon transport in the bottom boundary layer. Final report

Description: This report summarizes the activities and findings from a field experiment devised to estimate the rates and mechanisms of transport of carbon across the continental shelves. The specific site chosen for the experiment was the mid-Atlantic Bight, a region off the North Carolina coast. The experiment involved a large contingent of scientists from many institutions. The specific component of the program was the transport of carbon in the bottom boundary layer. The postulate mechanisms of transpor… more
Date: October 5, 1998
Creator: Agrawal, Yogesh C.
open access

Trade Primer: Qs and As on Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy

Description: The 112th Congress has a full legislative and oversight agenda on international trade. The agenda may include considering legislation to implement pending free trade agreements with Panama, South Korea, and Colombia, enhanced enforcement of U.S. trade agreements, as well as oversight of the World Trade Organization's Doha Round and trade relations with China. This report provides information and context for many of these topics. The report is divided into four sections in a question-and-answer … more
Date: January 5, 2011
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
open access

Exploring Prompt Measurement Methods for (n,2n) Cross Sections on Radioactive Targets

Description: This report summarizes a study of possible neutron detection technologies for performing prompt (n,2n) measurements on radioactive targets of the type that could be made at the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). The report recommends conducting further research on high-pressure {sup 3}He gas scintillators as it is the best candidate technology. These detectors meet the requirements of a fast response time (fall times around 5-10 ns), gamma ray suppression, (all gamma rays below about 900 keV can b… more
Date: January 5, 2006
Creator: Ahle, L.
open access

San Francisco State University IAC 02-06 Final Report

Description: The Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at San Francisco State University (SFSU) has served the cause of energy efficiency as a whole, and in particular for small and medium-sized manufacturing facilities in northern and central California, within a approximately 150 miles (radial) of San Francisco since 1992. In the current reporting period (September 1, 2002 through November 31, 2006) we have had major accomplishments, which include but are not limited to: - Performing a total of 94 energy eff… more
Date: March 5, 2007
Creator: Ahmad R. Ganji, Ph.D., P.E., IAC DIrector
open access

Seeing the Nature of the Accelerating Physics: It's a SNAP

Description: For true insight into the nature of dark energy, measurements of the precision and accuracy of the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) are required. Precursor or scaled-down experiments are unavoidably limited, even for distinguishing the cosmological constant. They can pave the way for, but should not delay, SNAP by developing calibration, refinement, and systematics control (and they will also provide important, exciting astrophysics).
Date: August 5, 2005
Creator: Albert, J.; Aldering, G.; Allam, S.; Althouse, W.; Amanullah, R.; Annis, J. et al.
open access

Sample Proficiency Test exercise

Description: The current format of the OPCW proficiency tests has multiple sets of 2 samples sent to an analysis laboratory. In each sample set, one is identified as a sample, the other as a blank. This method of conducting proficiency tests differs from how an OPCW designated laboratory would receive authentic samples (a set of three containers, each not identified, consisting of the authentic sample, a control sample, and a blank sample). This exercise was designed to test the reporting if the proficiency… more
Date: February 5, 2006
Creator: Alcaraz, A.; Gregg, H. & Koester, C.
open access

FACT (Version 2.0) - Subsurface Flow and Contaminant Transport Documentation and User's Guide

Description: This report documents a finite element code designed to model subsurface flow and contaminant transport, named FACT. FACT is a transient three-dimensional, finite element code designed to simulate isothermal groundwater flow, moisture movement, and solute transport in variably saturated and fully saturated subsurface porous media.
Date: May 5, 2000
Creator: Aleman, S. E.
open access

Volume reduction system for solid and liquid TRU waste from the nuclear fuel cycle: January--March 1978

Description: The laboratory cyclone incinerator, which started operation in January, 1978, has been developed to study the effects of burning feed containing radionuclides other than /sup 238/Pu. These isotopes must be removed from the off-gas during incineration. Preliminary data from early runs show that the combustion efficiency of the incinerator can still be improved. Controlled experiments were conducted on the pressed ash-cement pellet matrix to define compressive strength, mechanical stability, dens… more
Date: May 5, 1978
Creator: Alexander, B.M.; Batchelder, D.A.; Doty, J.W. & Lewis, E.L.
open access

The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Federal Water Rights

Description: This report discusses federal authority over water, and federal "reserved" and non-reserved water rights. Based on the language of the act and its legislative history, it appears that the act creates federal water rights. The act does not specify the quantity of the right. The amount of the federal right is likely to vary from river to river depending on the river's flows, the unappropriated flows in the river at the time of designation, and the values for which the river is being protected.
Date: March 5, 2007
Creator: Alexander, Kristina
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