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Energy and Water Development Appropriations: Nuclear Weapons Activities

Description: This report discusses the Weapons Activities section of the annual Energy and Water Development appropriations bill which funds the maintenance of U.S. nuclear warheads and related infrastructure. The report provides an overview of the programs funded through the bill and the FY2019 budget request.
Date: November 9, 2018
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
open access

Defense's 30-Year Aircraft Plan Reveals New Details

Description: This report discusses the U.S. Department of Defense 30-year aviation plan released in April 2018. The yearly plan is intended to chart the direction of the aviation enterprise and is typically relatively short on specifics. By contrast, the most recent 30-year aviation plan is full of details on specific programs, including cancellations, life extensions, and new starts.
Date: October 9, 2018
Creator: Gertler, Jeremiah
open access

Effects of U.S. Tariff Action on U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing

Description: This report discusses the aluminum tariffs put in effect by the U.S. in March 2018. The United States has assessed duties of 10% or more on certain imports of aluminum on national security grounds. The duties are controversial, with some Members of Congress questioning whether the duties will encourage domestic aluminum production and whether they could adversely affect U.S. industries that use aluminum.
Date: October 9, 2018
Creator: Platzer, Michaela D.
open access

Social Media Adoption by Members of Congress: Trends and Congressional Considerations

Description: This report examines Member adoption of social media platforms outside of Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, such as Instagram, Flickr, and Google+, which have each been adopted by at least 2.5% of Representatives and Senators. It discusses the possible implications of the adoption of social media, including managing multiple platforms, the type of content and posting location, the allocation of office resources to social media communications, and archiving social media content.
Date: October 9, 2018
Creator: Straus, Jacob R.
open access

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States

Description: This report includes a primer on the CCS (and carbon utilization) process and discusses the current state of CCS in the United States, as well as the DOE program for CCS R&D and CCS-related legislation in the 115th Congress.
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Folger, Peter
open access

Congress's Power over Courts: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein

Description: This report highlights a series of Supreme Court rulings that have examined separation-of-powers-based limitations on the Exceptions Clause, congressional jurisdiction stripping, and the ability of Congress to amend laws with the purpose of directly impacting litigation. The Court's jurisprudence largely begins with the Reconstruction-era case, United States v. Klein, and leads to Patchak v. Zinke, from the October 2017 term.
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Peck, Sarah Herman
open access

Hazing in the Armed Forces

Description: This report discusses the issue of hazing as an initiation custom in the Armed Forces. Congress has oversight of this issue under Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution; this report outlines the context of this issue and recent actions taken to counteract it to help Congress decide whether or not to address hazing in the military through oversight and legislation.
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Kamarck, Kristy N. & Kehn, Carolyn M.
open access

Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

Description: This report looks at the background and current status of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), which was formed to increase international cooperation in interdicting shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Proposed U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations: Hitting Pause on a Trade War?

Description: This report discusses the announcement by the United States and European Union (EU) that they are at a "new phase" in their relationship for "freer, fairer, and more reciprocal trade." The announcement came on July 25, 2018 at a challenging time for transatlantic trade relations.
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
open access

The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative

Description: This report discusses the U.S. export control system for defense related exports and examines the current split administration of the various parts of the system and proposals to unify and streamline the system.
Date: August 9, 2018
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F. & Kerr, Paul K.
open access

Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Program: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Coast Guard's program for acquiring new polar icebreakers. The Coast Guard's proposed FY2019 budget requests $750 million in acquisition funding for the program.
Date: July 9, 2018
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
open access

United States Special Operations Command Acquisition Authorities

Description: This report describes United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) acquisition authorities for unclassified acquisition programs and compares these authorities to those granted to the military departments. It also compares the military departments' and SOCOM's chains of command, describes the scope of acquisition activity and program oversight, and explores whether SOCOM has unique characteristics that influence how it conducts acquisition.
Date: July 9, 2018
Creator: Schwartz, Moshe & Purdy, Jason A.
open access

Who Interprets Foreign Law in U.S. Federal Courts?

Description: This report discusses the interpretation of foreign law, from routine breach of contract and tort claims to complex cases implicating the judicial branch's role in international affairs. In Animal Science Products, Inc. v. Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., the Supreme Court announced the standard of deference for U.S. federal courts to apply when considering a foreign government's interpretation of its own law.
Date: July 9, 2018
Creator: Mulligan, Stephen P.
open access

Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal

Description: This report discusses disposal of nuclear waste, primarily highly radioactive spent fuel from nuclear power plants. Presidential and Congressional actions regarding nuclear waste disposal sites and the Yucca Mountain Project, other alternatives previously proposed by the Obama Administration, and temporary solutions are discussed.
Date: May 9, 2018
Creator: Holt, Mark
open access

Oil and Gas Activities Within the National Wildlife Refuge System

Description: This report contains sections on recent developments related to oil and gas wells in the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) and related issues for Congress. The report presents information on the number and location of oil and gas wells, compatibility of oil and gas activities with NWRS purposes, and regulatory mechanisms for the administration of oil and gas activities.
Date: May 9, 2018
Creator: Crafton, R. Eliot; Comay, Laura B. & Humphries, Marc
open access

U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement

Description: This report analyzes the Trump Administration's decision to pullout from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its potential implications. The other powers that negotiated the accord with Iran--Russia, China, France, Britain, and Germany--have consistently asserted that the JCPOA is succeeding in its core objectives and that its implementation should not be jeopardized.
Date: May 9, 2018
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth; Kerr, Paul K. & Heitshusen, Valerie
open access

Business Investment Spending Slowdown

Description: This report discusses the slowdown in business investment spending over the last decade and various reasons why the slowdown may have occurred.
Date: April 9, 2018
Creator: Labonte, Marc
open access

Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis

Description: This report discusses current residential energy tax credits, options to extend or modify them, and an analysis of their effectiveness.
Date: April 9, 2018
Creator: Crandall-Hollick, Margot L. & Sherlock, Molly F.
open access

Sexual Harassment and Title VII: Selected Legal Issues

Description: This report discusses Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) and legal interpretations regarding whether it covers sexual harassment in the workplace and if so what types of employer actions are permissible or impermissible under the law.
Date: April 9, 2018
Creator: Back, Christine J. & Freeman, Wilson C.
open access

Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-23): Brief Summary of Division E-The Advancing Chronic Care, Extenders, and Social Services (ACCESS) Act

Description: This report provides a brief summary of each of the provisions included in Division E (the ACCESS Act) of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, along with the contact information for the CRS expert who can answer questions about each provision. Division E consists of 12 titles. Each title is addressed in a separate table, and the provisions are discussed in the order they appear in the law. Topics discussed in this report include Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (C… more
Date: March 9, 2018
Creator: Morgan, Paulette C.
open access

Cybersecurity: Selected Issues for the 115th Congress

Description: This report covers a variety of topics related to cybersecurity in order to provide context and a framework for further discussion on selected policy areas. These topics include cybersecurity incidents, major federal agency roles and responsibilities, recent policy actions by Congress and the White House, and descriptions of policy issues that may be of interest for the 115th Congress.
Date: March 9, 2018
Creator: Jaikaran, Chris
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