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open access

4th-International Symposium on Ultrafast Surface Science - Final Report

Description: The 4-th International Symposium on Ultrafast Surface Dynamics (UDS4) was held at the Telluride Summer Research Center on June 22-27, 2003. The International Organizing Committee consisting of Hrvoje Petek (USA), Xiaoyang Zhu (USA), Pedro Echenique (Spain) and Maki Kawai (Japan) brought together a total of 51 participants 16 of whom were from Europe, 10 from Japan, and 25 from the USA. The focus of the conference was on ultrafast electron or light induced processes at well-defined surfaces. Ult… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Petek, Hrvoje
open access

An Agent that can Prohibit Microbial Development and Infection

Description: We have developed a process that makes use of double-stranded DNA:RNA hybrids to inhibit specific, targeted genetic activity completely within a cell. This process can be used in both human and bacterial cells. The agent that produces this effect can be inserted into a cell and remain quiescent for a considerable period of time without affecting cellular processes, until the gene against which it is targeted is induced. At this time the agent becomes effective, silencing the genetic response wi… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Christian, A
open access

THE BNL SUPER NEUTRINO BEAM PROJECT.

Description: BNL plans to create a very long base line super neutrino beam facility by upgrading the AGS from the current 0.14 MW to 1.0 MW and beyond. The proposed facility consists of three major components. First is a 1.5 GeV superconducting linac to replace the booster as injector for the AGS, second is the performance upgrade of the AGS itself for higher intensity and repetition rate, and finally is the target and horn system for the neutrino production. The major contribution for the higher power is f… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Raparia, D.
open access

CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate

Description: The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. In Campaign 3 of the pilot plant, the overall mass transfer coefficient for the stripper with 7 m MEA decreased from 0.06 to 0.01 mol/(m{sup 3}.s.kPa) as the rich loading increased from 0.45 to 0.6 mol CO{sub 2}/mol MEA. Anion chromatography has demonstrated that nitrate and nitrite are major degra… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Rochelle, Gary T.; Hilliard, Marcus; Chen, Eric; Oyenekan, Babatunde; Dugas, Ross; McLees, John et al.
open access

Complete Solution of Elastica for a Clamped-Hinged Beam, and Its Applications to a Carbon Nanotube

Description: This paper treats an exact elastica solution for a clamped-hinged beam, and its application to a carbon nanotube. Although the elastica has a long history, and the exact post-buckling solution for the Euler buckling problem has been known for at least 150 years, it seems that the elastica solution obtained in this paper constitutes an addition to the existing family of elastica solutions. As an application of the results, a post-buckling analysis of a single wall carbon nanotube is studied. Als… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Mikata, Y
open access

Detecting and Attributing External Influences on the Climate System: A Review of Recent Advances

Description: We review recent research that assesses evidence for the detection of anthropogenic and natural external influences on the climate. Externally driven climate change has been detected by a number of investigators in independent data covering many parts of the climate system, including surface temperature on global and large regional scales, ocean-heat content, atmospheric circulation, and variables of the free atmosphere, such as atmospheric temperature and tropopause height. The influence of ex… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Barnett, T.; Zwiers, F.; Hegerl, G.; Allen, M.; Crowley, T.; Gillett, N. et al.
open access

Effect of Stress Mitigation on Precipitation Kinetics of Alloy 22 Welds

Description: Understanding the phase stability of Alloy 22 (N06022) is important since the precipitation of tetrahedrally close-packed (TCP) phases over time has been known to adversely affect corrosion and mechanical properties. Prior observations have shown that these phases precipitate during the welding process. After welding, residual stresses due to the solidification and cooling from temperature remain. When the weld cannot be stress-relieved by solution annealing, the application of commercially ava… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: El-Dasher, B S & Torres, S G
open access

Experimental Measurements of Delayed Fission Product Gamma-Ray Transmission Through Low Enriched UO2 Fuel Pin Lattices in Air

Description: Experimental measurements of delayed fission-product gamma-ray transmission through low-enriched UO{sub 2} fuel pin lattices in an air medium were conducted at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Reactor Critical Facility (RCF). The RCF core consists of excess Special Power Excursion Reactor Test (SPERT) fuel pins, enriched to 4.81 weight percent {sup 235}U, clad in stainless steel. An experimental apparatus was constructed to hold various arrangements of fuel pin lattices. The arrangements co… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Trumbull, T & Harris, D
open access

Federal Procurement: International Agreements Result in Waivers of Some U.S. Domestic Source Restrictions

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Over the years, Congress has enacted a variety of laws designed to encourage federal agencies to purchase U.S. supplies and services. These laws are commonly referred to as domestic preference laws or domestic source restrictions. Perhaps the best known of these laws is the Buy American Act, a 1933 law that established a statutory preference for U.S. supplies and construction materials. At the same time… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: A Primer on Government Programs

Description: U.S. farmers grow more than 250 types of fruit, vegetable, tree nut, flower, ornamental nursery, and turfgrass crops in addition to the major bulk commodity crops. Although specialty crops are ineligible for the federal commodity price and income support programs, they are eligible for other types of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) support, such as crop insurance, disaster assistance, and, under certain conditions, ad hoc market loss assistance payments. This report describes the federal … more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Rawson, Jean M.
open access

Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals

Description: This report discusses policy options for Congress regarding gas prices. The high price of gasoline was an important consideration during the debate on major energy legislation, which ended August 8 as the President signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005, H.R. 6 (P.L. 109-58). However, prices continued to surge, spiking at the end of August when Hurricane Katrina shut down refining operations in the Gulf of Mexico. The continuing crisis renewed attention to some issues that were dropped or comprom… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
open access

Helium Pot System for Maintaining Sample Temperature after Cryocooler Deactivation

Description: A system for maintaining a sample at a constant temperature below 10K after deactivating the cooling source is demonstrated. In this system, the cooling source is a GM cryocooler that is joined with the sample through an adaptor that consists of a helium pot and a resistive medium. Upon deactivating the cryocooler, the power applied to a heater located on the sample side of the resistive medium is decreased gradually to maintain an appropriate temperature rise across the resistive medium as the… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Haid, B J
open access

Implications of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations upon the Regulation of Consular Identification Cards

Description: This report discusses controversy surrounding the usage of consular identification cards within the United States. It identifies any potential implications that issuing these cards would have with regards to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K. & Garcia, Michael John
open access

Large Eddy Simulation of Stable Boundary Layer Turbulent Processes in Complex Terrain

Description: Research was performed using a turbulence boundary layer model to study the behavior of cold, dense flows in regions of complex terrain. Results show that flows develop a balance between turbulent entrainment of warm ambient air and dense, cold air created by surface cooling. Flow depth and strength is a function of downslope distance, slope angle and angle changes, and the ambient air temperature.
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Skyllingstad, Eric D.
open access

Lasers Aimed at Aircraft Cockpits: Background and Possible Options to Address the Threat to Aviation Safety and Security

Description: A recent rash of incidents involving lasers aimed at aircraft cockpits has raised concerns over the potential threat to aviation safety and security. While none of these incidents has been linked to terrorism, security officials have expressed concern that terrorists may seek to acquire and use higher-powered lasers to, among other things, incapacitate pilots. There is also growing concerned among aviation safety experts that the ubiquity and low cost of handheld laser devices could increase th… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Elias, Bartholomew
open access

Low-Temperature Agining Behavior of U-6 wt% Nb

Description: Phase stability and aging mechanisms in a water-quenched (WQ) U-6wt% Nb (U-14at% Nb) alloy artificially aged at 200 C and naturally aged at ambient temperature for 15 years have been investigated and studied using Vickers-hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Age hardening/softening phenomenon is recorded from the artificially aged samples based upon the microhardness measurement. The age hardening can be readily rationali… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Hsiung, L L
open access

Middleware for Astronomical Data Analysis Pipelines

Description: In this paper the authors describe the approach to research, develop, and evaluate prototype middleware tools and architectures. The developed tools can be used by scientists to compose astronomical data analysis pipelines easily. They use the SuperMacho data pipelines as example applications to test the framework. they describe their experience from scheduling and running these analysis pipelines on massive parallel processing machines. they use MCR a Linux cluster machine with 1152 nodes and … more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Abdulla, G.; Liu, D.; Garlick, J.; Miller, M.; Nikolaev, S.; Cook, K. et al.
open access

Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers

Description: This report attempts to answer basic questions about the Military Health Services System (MHSS), its beneficiary population, the medical services it provides, its costs, and major changes that are underway or have been proposed. Citations are made to more detailed CRS studies where appropriate.
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
open access

Monitoring Gene Expression In Vivo with Nucleic Acid Molecular Switches

Description: The overall objectives of this project were (1) to develop allosteric ribozymes capable of acting as molecular switches for monitoring the levels of both wild-type and mutant mRNA species in living cells and whole animals and (2) to develop highly efficient reagents to deliver nucleic acid molecular switches into living cells, tissues and animals with the ultimate goal of expression profiling specific mRNAs of diagnostic or prognostic value within tumors in animals. During the past year, we hav… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Ward, David C. & Bray-Ward, Patricia
open access

PHASE II CALDERON PROCESS TO PRODUCE DIRECT REDUCED IRON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Description: This project was initially targeted to the making of coke for blast furnaces by using proprietary technology of Calderon in a phased approach, and Phase I was successfully completed. The project was then re-directed to the making of iron units. In 2000, U.S. Steel teamed up with Calderon for a joint effort which will last 42 months to produce directly reduced iron with the potential of converting it into molten iron or steel consistent with the Roadmap recommendations of 1998 prepared by the St… more
Date: January 26, 2005
Creator: Calderon, Albert
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