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open access

A Criterion For Vacuum Sparking Designed to Include Both R. F. and D. C.

Description: An empirical relation is presented which represents a boundary between no vacuum sparking and possible vacuum sparking. Metal electrodes and r.f. or d.c. voltages are used. The criterion fits several orders of surface gradient, voltage, gap, and frequency. Current due to field emission is considered necessary for sparking but in addition, energetic particles are required to initiate a cascade process which increases the field emission currents to the point of sparking. An elementary cascade pro… more
Date: September 4, 1953
Creator: Kilpatrick, W. D.
open access

Dependence of Positive Pion Production Cross Sections on Atomic Number at Low Energies

Description: A preliminary study of positive pion production from proton-nucleus collisions revealed that positive pion production cross sections agree more favorably with a Z 2/3 variation than with a variation proportional to the atomic number. A similar study on negative pion production has shown that negative pion yields from proton-nucleus collisions tend to vary in proportion to the number of neutrons in the nucleus. As a result an experiment was performed to investigate if there is a significant chan… more
Date: September 8, 1953
Creator: Sagane, Ryokichi, 1905-1969 & Dudziak, Walter F.
open access

The Distributions in Energy and in Number of Electrons and Photons in Cascade: Derived With Energy-Dependent Bremsstrahlung, Materialization, Collision Loss and Multiple Scattering

Description: Diffusion equations for a cascade shower which include an energy cutoff and energy parameters for each particle have not previously been studied. In this paper it is found that an inclusion of both permits collision loss to be represented as a discrete process by modifying the differential radiation cross section.
Date: September 17, 1953
Creator: Rankin, Bayard
open access

Orbital Electron Capture in the Heaviest Elements

Description: Certain isotopes in the region of the heaviest elements have been produced by cyclotron and pile bombardment techniques, and their nuclear decay properties have been investigated. The orbital electron capture decay of At210, At211, Np234, Np235, Pu234, Pu237, and Am242m has been studied and decay schemes have been proposed. In addition, the alpha spectra of Po211, At210, and At211 have been observed.
Date: September 1953
Creator: Hoff, Richard William
open access

Passage of Electrons Through Matter

Description: One of the oldest properties of electrons is their emission of x-rays (discrete and continuous spectra) when impinging on matter. Cloud-chamber tracks show light ionization, and considerable multiple scattering, except for fast electrons. Tracks are long and range indefinite.
Date: September 9, 1953
Creator: Vaughan, Edward
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