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Titanium/gold process characterization

Description: Characterization of the titanium/gold (Ti/Au) deposition process used at the Allied-Signal Inc., Albuquerque Microelectronics Operation (AMO) was performed. Tests were conducted to set up evaporation parameters, correlate titanium and gold thicknesses to sheet resistance, improve thickness uniformity, and reduce frontside contamination of deposit material on product wafers. The Ti/Au process is the final step in the production of integrated circuits (ICs) at the AMO wafer fabrication facility. … more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Fajardo, L.S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Polysaccharides and bacterial plugging

Description: Before any successful application of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery process can be realized, an understanding of the cells' transport and retentive mechanisms in porous media is needed. Cell transport differs from particle transport in their ability to produce polysaccharides, which are used by cells to adhere to surfaces. Cell injection experiments have been conducted using Leuconostoc cells to illustrate the importance of cellular polysaccharide production as a transport mechanism that hinde… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Fogler, H. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Mass and energy budgets of animals: Behavioral and ecological implications

Description: The two major aims of our lab are as follows: First, to develop and field-test general mechanistic models that predict animal life history characteristics as influenced by climate and the physical, physiological behavioral characteristics of species. This involves: understanding how animal time and energy budgets are affected by climate and animal properties; predicting growth and reproductive potential from time and energy budgets; predicting mortality based on climate and time and energy budg… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Porter, W.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Framework for control system development

Description: Control systems being developed for the present generation of accelerators will need to adapt to changing machine and operating state conditions. Such systems must also be capable of evolving over the life of the accelerator operation. In this paper we present a framework for the development of adaptive control systems.
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Cork, C. & Nishimura, Hiroshi.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Modeling requirements for in situ vitrification

Description: This document outlines the requirements for the model being developed at the INEL which will provide analytical support for the ISV technology assessment program. The model includes representations of the electric potential field, thermal transport with melting, gas and particulate release, vapor migration, off-gas combustion and process chemistry. The modeling objectives are to (1) help determine the safety of the process by assessing the air and surrounding soil radionuclide and chemical poll… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: MacKinnon, R.J.; Mecham, D. C.; Hagrman, D. L.; Johnson, R. W.; Murray, P. E.; Slater, C. E. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Lung cancer epidemiology in New Mexico uranium miners

Description: This investigation assesses the health effects of radon progeny exposure in New Mexico uranium miners. Cumulative exposures sustained by most New Mexico miners are well below those received earlier in the Colorado Plateau. This project utilizes the research opportunity offered by New Mexico miners to address unresolved issues related to radon progeny exposure: (1) the lung cancer risk of lower levels of exposure, (2) interaction between radon progeny exposure and cigarette smoking in the causat… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Samet, J.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Description: This report contains the data gathered from tests conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine to study the benefits and problems of oxygen-enriched diesel combustion and the use of water-emulsified and low-grade diesel fuels. This research, funded by the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in the United States Department of Energy, is being conducted in support of the Industrial Cogeneration Program. The report is made up of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the description of the experiments… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.; Cole, R.L. & Marciniak, T.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Boundary plasma transport studies on TFTR

Description: In this report we summarize the experimental and theoretical investigations supported under the DOE Transport Initiative Contract on the subject of Boundary Plasma Transport Studies on TFTR. This work can be logically separated into two areas of investigations and therefore the report included here is divided into two parts. First, in Section I, detailed boundary plasma data obtained from TFTR in an Ohmic density scan has been compared with results from the LIM Impurity Production and Transport… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Pitcher, C.S. & Stangeby, P.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Task plan for TARA-II compaction and grouting demonstration

Description: This task directly supports the corrective measures evaluation for the closure of Solid Waste Storage Area (SWSA) 6 but also supports technology development for the closure of other Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) SWSAs and waste management units. Previous demonstrations have established the effectiveness of dynamic compaction and in situ grouting in stabilizing burial trenches against subsidence, which would otherwise compromise the support of infiltration barrier structures designed to p… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Spalding, B. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation

Description: This study clearly demonstrated the usefulness of liquid- and solid-state {sup 13}C- and {sup 1}H-NMR for the examination of process-derived materials from direct coal liquefaction. The techniques can provide data not directly obtainable by other methods to examine the saturation of aromatic rings and to determine the modes of hydrogen utilization during coal liquefaction. In addition, these methods can be used to infer the extent of condensation and retrograde reactions occurring in the direct… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Miknis, F.P. (Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Tempered glass

Description: This document describes a demonstration for making tempered glass using minimal equipment. The demonstration is intended for a typical student of materials science, at the high school level or above. (JL)
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Bunnell, L.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Monte Carlo optimization of depth-of-interaction resolution in PET crystals

Description: The light distribution along one edge of a PET scintillation crystal was investigated with a Monte Carlo simulation. This position-dependent light can be used to measure the 511 keV photon interaction position in the crystal on an event by event basis, thus reducing radial elongation. The expected full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light distribution on the 3 {times} 30 mm{sup 2} surface of a 3 {times} 10 {times} 30 mm{sup 3} bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal surrounded by a diffuse reflect… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: DeVol, T. A. (Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering); Moses, W. W. & Derenzo, S. E. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Numerical simulations of heterogeneous chemical reactions coupled to fluid flow in varying thermal fields

Description: A numerical simulator of reactive chemical transport with coupling from precipitation-dissolution reactions to fluid flow, via changes of porosity and permeability, is applied to precipitation-dissolution of quartz and calcite in spatially and temporally variable fields of temperature. Significant effects on fluid flow are found in the quartz-silicic acid system in the presence of persistent, strong gradient of temperature. Transient heat flow in the quartz-silicic acid system and in a calcite-… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Carnahan, C.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of transportation fuels and electricity

Description: This report presents estimates of full fuel-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases from using transportation fuels and electricity. The data cover emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, and nonmethane organic compounds resulting from the end use of fuels, compression or liquefaction of gaseous transportation fuels, fuel distribution, fuel production, feedstock transport, feedstock recovery, manufacture of motor vehicles, maintenance of tr… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: DeLuchi, M.A. (California Univ., Davis, CA (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Description: The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel inje… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R. R.; Marr, W. W.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Magnet operating experience review for fusion applications

Description: This report presents a review of magnet operating experiences for normal-conducting and superconducting magnets from fusion, particle accelerator, medical technology, and magnetohydrodynamics research areas. Safety relevant magnet operating experiences are presented to provide feedback on field performance of existing designs and to point out the operational safety concerns. Quantitative estimates of magnet component failure rates and accident event frequencies are also presented, based on fiel… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Cadwallader, L.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

CNC grinding of valve housing piston holes

Description: Grinding has traditionally been used for machining operations requiring close dimensional tolerances and better surface finishes than can be obtained from other metal removal techniques. Using a grinding process for the last metal removal operation, the close tolerances and surface finishes can be easily held while eliminating the adverse conditions from the current metal removal processes. Pre-machined test parts were sent to a machine tool supplier to have the critical inside features of a ty… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Ashbaugh, F.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Renewable energy data requirements: A review of user opinions and data collection efforts

Description: Interest in the contribution of renewable energy to US energy supply is growing. This interest stems from environmental and energy security concerns and the desire to develop domestic resources. In order to plan for the use of renewable energy, data are essential to a variety of users both inside and outside the government. The purpose of this study is to identify priorities and requirements for gathering different types of renewable energy data. Results of this study are to be used by the US D… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Stevenson, G.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway

Description: The goal of this work is to investigate the potential for and limitations of in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for quantitation of glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (shunt). Interest in the shunt is motivated by the possibility that its activity may be greatly increased in cancer and in the pathological states of cardiac and cerebral ischemia. The ability to dynamically monitor flux through the pentose shunt can give new knowledge about metabolism in patholo… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Bolo, N.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Coal-fueled high-speed diesel engine development

Description: The objectives of this program are to study combustion feasibility by running Series 149 engine tests at high speeds with a fuel injection and combustion system designed for coal-water-slurry (CWS). The following criteria will be used to judge feasibility: (1) engine operation for sustained periods over the load range at speeds from 600 to 1900 rpm. The 149 engine for mine-haul trucks has a rated speed of 1900 rpm; (2) reasonable fuel economy and coal burnout rate; (3) reasonable cost of the en… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Water-enhanced solubility of carboxylic acids in organic solvents and its applications to extraction processes

Description: The solubilities of carboxylic acids in certain organic solvents increase remarkably with an increasing amount of water in the organic phase. This phenomenon leads to a novel extract regeneration process in which the co-extracted water is selectively removed from an extract, and the carboxylic acid precipitates. This approach is potentially advantageous compared to other regeneration processes because it removes a minor component of the extract in order to achieve a large recovery of acid from … more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Starr, J. N. & King, C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Development of an advanced continuous mild gasification process for the production of coproducts

Description: This report is a final brief summary of development of a mild-gasification and char conversion process. Morgantown Energy Technology Center developed a concept called mild gasification. In this concept, devolatilization of coal under nonoxidizing and relatively mild temperature and pressure conditions can yield three marketable products: (1) a high-heating-value gas, (2) a high-aromatic coal liquid, and (3) a high-carbon char. The objective of this program is to develop an advanced, continuous,… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Merriam, N. W. & Jha, M. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Properties of CMOS devices and circuits fabricated on high-resistivity, detector-grade silicon

Description: A CMOS process that is compatible with silicon p-i-n radiation detectors has been developed and characterized. A total of twelve mask layers are used in the process. The NMOS device is formed in a retrograde well while the PMOS device is fabricated directly in the high-resistivity silicon. Isolation characteristics are similar to a standard foundary CMOS process. Circuit performance using 3 {mu}m design rules has been evaluated. The measured propagation delay and power-delay product for a 51-st… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Holland, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
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