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open access

Campaign Finance Reform: A Legal Analysis of Issue and Express Advocacy

Description: Issue advocacy communications have become increasingly popular in recent federal election cycles. These advertisements are often interpreted to favor or disfavor certain candidates, while also serving to inform the public about a policy issue. However, unlike communications that expressly advocate the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, the Supreme Court has determined that issue ads are constitutionally protected First Amendment speech that cannot be regulated in any manner. … more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
open access

Census 2000: Legal Issues re: Data for Reapportionment and Redistricting

Description: The release of the 2000 Census data for the apportionment of the House of Representatives among the States and the release of the state redistricting data to the States as required has renewed the decennial debate over several issues. This report contains information regarding the release and use of the State redistricting Census data, the Supreme Court case Utah v. Evans, and related material.
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Lee, Margaret Mikyung
open access

China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei

Description: In Part I, this CRS report discusses the policy on “one China” since the United States began in 1971 to reach understandings with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. Part II documents the evolution of the “one China” principle as articulated in key statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The U.S. policy on “one China” has evolved to cover three issues: sovereignty, peaceful resolution, and cross-strait dialogue.
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
open access

A decisional process model for stewardship.

Description: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), other federal agencies, state agencies, and the private sector pursuing environmental remediation programs are considering developing stewardship programs at contaminated sites that might not be remediated to the point of allowing unrestricted land use in the immediate future. Deciding to develop, implement, and monitor a stewardship program requires addressing the risks and costs inherent in such programs. A process that lays out the decision points and inf… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Hocking, E.; Johnson, R.; Martino, L. & Elcock, D.
open access

Development and Application of a Strength and Damage Model for Rock under Dynamic Loading

Description: Simulating the behavior of geologic materials under impact loading conditions requires the use of a constitutive model that includes the effects of bulking, yielding, damage, porous compaction and loading rate on the material response. This paper describes the development, implementation and calibration of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model that incorporates these features. The paper also describes a computational study in which the model was used to perform numerical simulations… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Antoun, T H; Lomov, I N & Glenn, L A
open access

Development of a Multi-Layer Guided Wave Inspection Technique

Description: This study investigates the inspection of a particular layer of a multi-layer structure using ultrasonic guided waves. Techniques based on Lamb waves have been developed for the inspection of plate structures and are well understood. Guided waves also exist in multi-layered plates as well. Energy distributions vary across the thickness of a multi-layer structure depending on the mode and frequency. Hence, a potential way to inspect the bottom layer of a structure is to find modes with sufficien… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Quarry, M; Chinn, D & Hay, T
open access

External Criticality Risk of Immobilized Plutonium Waste Form in a Geologic Repository

Description: This purpose of this technical report is to provide a comprehensive summary of the waste package (WP) external criticality-related risk of the Plutonium Disposition ceramic waste form, which is being developed and evaluated by the Office of Fissile Materials Disposition of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). Potential accumulation of the fissile materials, {sup 239}Pu and {sup 235}U, in rock formations having a favorable chemical environment for such actions, requires analysis because… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: McClure, J.
open access

Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Work Plan Mud Pit Release Sites, Amchitka Island, Alaska

Description: This Work Plan describes the approach that will be used to conduct human health and ecological risk assessments for Amchitka Island, Alaska, which was utilized as an underground nuclear test site between 1965 and 1971. During this period, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now the U.S. Department of Energy) conducted two nuclear tests (known as Long Shot and Milrow) and assisted the U.S. Department of Defense with a third test (known as Cannikin). Amchitka Island is approximately 42 miles long … more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: United States. Department of Energy. Nevada Operations Office.
open access

Material Balance Assessment for Double-Shell Tank Waste Pipeline Transfer

Description: PNNL developed a material balance assessment methodology based on conservation of mass for detecting leaks and mis-routings in pipeline transfer of double-shell tank waste at Hanford. The main factors causing uncertainty in these transfers are variable property and tank conditions of density, existence of crust, and surface disturbance due to mixer pump operation during the waste transfer. The methodology was applied to three waste transfers from Tanks AN-105 and AZ-102.
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Onishi, Yasuo; Wells, Beric E.; Hartley, Stacey A. & Enderlin, Carl W.
open access

Material Balance Assessment for Double-Shell Tank Waste Pipeline Transfer

Description: PNNL developed a material balance assessment methodology based on conservation of mass for detecting leaks and mis-routings in pipeline transfer of double-shell tank waste at Hanford. The main factors causing uncertainty in these transfers are variable property and tank conditions of density, existence of crust, and surface disturbance due to mixer pump operation during the waste transfer. The methodology was applied to three waste transfers from Tanks AN-105 and AZ-102.
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Onishi, Yasuo; Wells, Beric E; Hartley, Stacey A & Enderlin, Carl W
open access

Operation of a Four-Cylinder 1.9L Propane Fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine: Basic Operating Characteristics and Cylinder-to-Cylinder Effects

Description: A four-cylinder 1.9 Volkswagen TDI Engine has been converted to run in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. The stock configuration is a turbocharged direct injection Diesel engine. The combustion chamber has been modified by discarding the in-cylinder Diesel fuel injectors and replacing them with blank inserts (which contain pressure transducers). The stock pistons contain a reentrant bowl and have been retained for the tests reported here. The intake and exhaust manifolds have… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Flowers, D.; Aceves, S. M.; Martinez-Frias, J.; Smith, J. R.; Au, M.; Girard, J. et al.
open access

Photovoltaic Manufacturing Cost and Throughput Improvements for Thin-Film CIGS-Based Modules; Phase II Annual Subcontract Technical Report, July 1999 - August 2000

Description: Thin-film photovoltaics (PV) has expanded dramatically in the last five years, but commercial use remains limited by performance, cost, and reliability. Of all the thin-film systems, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) has demonstrated the greatest potential for achieving high performance at a low cost. The highest-quality CIGS has been formed by multi-source co-evaporation, a technique pioneered in this country by researchers at NREL. Multi-source co-evaporation is also potentially the fas… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Wendt, T.G. & Wiedeman, S. (Global Solar Energy, L.L.C.)
open access

PVMaT Improvements in the BP Solarex Photovoltaic Module Manufacturing Technology: Annual Report, May 5, 1999 - June 15, 2000

Description: This is the annual report for a 3-year PV program to continue to advance BP Solarex photovoltaic manufacturing technologies to design and implement a process that produces polycrystalline silicon PV modules that can be sold profitably for $2.00 per peak watt or less, and which increases the production capacity of the Frederick plant to at least 25 megawatts per year. The accomplishments discussed in this report include: (1) developed processes to produce high-purity SiF4 gas from a number of av… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Wohlgemuth, J. & Shea, S. (BP Solarex)
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