Conductor Awareness of, Knowledge of, and Attitude Toward Sound Intensity Levels Generated During Ensemble-based Instructional Activities in College-level Schools of Music Page: 3
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1974, it has made several amendments and changes since, with the most recent
occurring in 2008. OSHA is a regulatory agency that secures healthful and safe
working conditions for workers by setting and enforcing standards and by providing
training, outreach, education, and assistance.17 It receives recommendations for
occupational noise exposure from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH), a non-regulatory agency under the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).18 The most recent recommendation from NIOSH appeared in 1998
and states, "recommended exposure limit (REL) is 85dBA for a time-weighted average
(TWA) of 8 hours" with a 3-dB exchange rate. 19
Though the NIOSH provides recommendations to the OSHA, it is not a regulatory
agency. As a result, in some occupations, the OSHA enforces a less-restrictive rate of
a 90dBA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for a TWA of 8 hours with a 5-dB exchange
rate, which differs from the NIOSH recommendation.20 Regardless of these differences,
neither the NIOSH recommendation nor the OSHA regulation is currently applied to the
arts and entertainment industry. The OSHA has provided reasoning for this decision
explaining that, "most musicians and other entertainment establishments are exposed to
loud music less than 8 hours a day."21 However, employers are expected to
17 U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, "OSHA's mission,"
http://www.osha.gov/about.html (accessed February 18, 2012).
18 U.S. DHHS, NIOSH, Criteria fora Recommended Standard, iii.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Standard Number
1910.95 (May 2, 1985),
http://www.osha.gov/plsloshaweblowadisp.show_document?p_table=I NTERPRETATIONS&pid=1 9093
(accessed February 18, 2012).
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Albin, Aaron J. Conductor Awareness of, Knowledge of, and Attitude Toward Sound Intensity Levels Generated During Ensemble-based Instructional Activities in College-level Schools of Music, dissertation, August 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149559/m1/16/?q=music: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .