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in subjects: "Solar Radiation"

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Experimental and theoretical investigations of marine stratocumulus cloud sensitivity to climate parameters using ship-trail clouds

The formation and radiative properties of clouds are poorly parameterized in numerical climate models, especially marine boundary layer clouds. Twomey (1991), after describing the importance of cloud microphysics to the climate problem, states Clearly, many more field measurements and laboratory experiments are called for, rather than endless repetitions of computer simulations that are closely related to each other and parameterize in very similar ways.'' The effort described here is a field e… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Porch, W.; Buchwald, M.; Glatzmaier, T.; Kao, C.-Y.; Unruh, W. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Hudson, J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Giotto observations of the bow shock at Comet Halley

Preliminary results from the JPA instrument on Giotto indicate that Comet Halley, even on the flanks, has a bow shock which moves backwards and forwards over the spacecraft. To understand the structure properly will require more detailed investigation of the relationships between three particle populations, cometary ions, solar wind ions and electrons.

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Formisano, V.; Amata, E.; Wilken, B.; Jockers, K.; Johnstone, A.; Coates, A. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Soviet American Gallium Experiment (SAGE)

A radiochemical experiment using the reaction v/sub e/ = /sup 71/Ga + e/sup e/ to determine the integral flux of low-energy neutrinos from the sun is currently under preparation at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements are scheduled to commence by late 1988 using /approximately/30 tonnes of metallic gallium. With this amount of gallium it should be possible to obtain a fractional statistical accuracy of 12 to 15% after one year (assuming the standard solar model neutrino flu… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Abazov, A. I.; Abdurashitov, D. N.; Anosov, O. P.; Avdeyev, A. V.; Belousko, Yu. I.; Bychuk, O. V. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The GALLEX Project

The GALLEX collaboration aims at the detection of solar neutrinos in a radiochemical experiment employing 30 tons of Gallium in form of concentrated aqueous Gallium-chloride solution. The detector is primarily sensitive to the otherwise inaccessible pp-neutrinos. Details of the experiment have been repeatedly described before. Here we report the present status of implementation in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). So far, 12.2 tons of Gallium are at hand. The present status of de… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Kirsten, T. (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany, F.R.))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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UV action spectra for mammalian systems: their implications for the predicted effects of ozone depletion on skin cancer incidence

The predicted environmental effect of UV-B depend on the action spectrum for the response studied. Since such spectra change rapidly - usually decreasing with increasing wavelength - and since the biological effects depend on the product of the action spectrum and the sun's spectrum at the surface of the earth which decreases with decreasing wavelength, a slight change in action spectrum will markedly influence the predicted effects of ozone depletion on biological systems. Thus, the key, but b… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Setlow, R.B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Second-law efficiency of solar-thermal cavity receivers

Properly quantified performance of a solar-thermal cavity receiver must not only account for the energy gains and losses as dictated by the First Law of thermodynamics, but it must also account for the quality of that energy. However, energy quality can only be determined from the Second Law. In this paper an equation for the Second-Law efficiency of a cavity receiver is derived from the definition of available energy or availability (occassionally called exergy), which is a thermodynamic prope… more

Date: October 1, 1983

Creator: Moynihan, P. I.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Counterstreaming solar wind halo electron events on open field lines

Counterstreaming solar wind halo electron events have been identified as a common 1 AU signature of coronal mass ejection events, and have generally been interpreted as indicative of closed magnetic field topologies, i.e., magnetic loops or flux ropes rooted at both ends in the Sun, or detached plasmoids. In this paper we examine the possibility that these events may instead occur preferentially on open field lines, and that counterstreaming results from reflection or injection behind interplan… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Gosling, J.T.; McComas, D.J. & Phillips, J.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Gamow-Teller strength functions and neutrino problems

A quantitative understanding of spin strengths in nuclei is of vital importance in studies of nuclear double beta decay and in solar neutrino spectroscopy. The current status of these problems is outlined.

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Haxton, W. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Quantitative analysis of bidirectional electron fluxes within coronal mass ejections at 1 AU

The solar wind electron heat flux is carried primarily by suprathermal halo'' electrons beamed antisunward along the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), indicating magnetic connection to the Sun only in one direction. However, electron observations at 1 AU show that counterstreaming halo beams, suggesting closed magnetic structures, prevail within coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These structures might be magnetic tongues'', tied to the Sun at both ends, magnetically detached plasmoids, or compl… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Phillips, J.L.; Gosling, J.T.; McComas, D.J.; Bame, S.J. & Feldman, W.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Shining On: A primer on solar radiation data

This document is a primer on solar radiation data. General uses of solar energy are presented. The manner in which solar radiation data is used to aid engineers in optimizing the use of solar thermal conversion and photovoltaic conversion is discussed. Methods for acquiring and assimilating the solar radiation data are illustrated. This would include the design and use of pyranometers and pyrheliometers. Seasonal and geographical variations in solar flux reaching the earth are evaluated. Other … more

Date: May 1, 1992

Creator: Dunlap, M.A.; Cook, G. (eds.); Marion, B.; Riordan, C. & Renne, D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Theoretical particle physics

We have carried out research in lattice gauge theory, superstring theory, supersymmetry, the solar neutrino puzzle, QCD perturbation theory, and phenomenological models of hadrons. In this report, we summarize our work in each of these areas.

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Gottlieb, S.A.; Hendry, A.W.; Kostelecky, V.A. & Lichtenberg, D.B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Photodegradation effects in materials exposed to high flux solar and solar simulated radiation

This report contains study results about photodegradation effects in materials exposed to high flux solar and solar simulated radiation. The studies show that high flux photoirradiation of materials can result in significant changes in the stability of materials. Photodesorption and photo-enhanced oxidation were determined to be the major mechanisms. These mechanisms were shown to affect, in extremely adverse ways, the expected thermal stability of solar relevant materials, especially stainless… more

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Ignatiev, A

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Summary outline of DOE geoscience and geoscience - related research

The Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES) supports long-range, basic research in those areas of the geosciences which are relevant to the nation's energy needs. The objective of the Geoscience program is to develop a quantitative and predictive understanding of geological, geophysical and geochemical structures and processes in the solid earth and in solar-terrestrial relationships. This understanding is to assure an effective knowledge base for energy resource recognition, evaluation and util… more

Date: February 1, 1982

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Introduction to meteorological measurements and data handling for solar energy applications. Task IV. Development of an isolation handbook and instrument package

The following are covered: the Sun and its radiation, solar radiation and atmospheric interaction, solar radiation measurement methods, spectral irradiance measurements of natural sources, the measurement of infrared radiation, the measurement of circumsolar radiation, some empirical properties of solar radiation and related parameters, duration of sunshine, and meteorological variables related to solar energy. Included in appendices are manufacturers and distributors of solar radiation measuri… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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SERI Solar Radiation Resource Assessment Project: Fiscal Year 1990 Annual Progress Report

The purpose of the Solar Radiation Resource Project is to help meet the needs of the public, government, industry, and utilities for solar radiation data, models, and assessments as required to develop, design, deploy, and operate solar energy conversion systems. The project scientists produce information on the spatial (geographic), temporal (hourly, daily, and seasonal), and spectral (wavelength distribution) variability of solar radiation at different locations in the United States. Resource… more

Date: July 1, 1991

Creator: Riordan, C.; Maxwell, E.; Stoffel, T.; Rymes, M. & Wilcox, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

March 1982 environmental data for sites in the National Solar Data Network

Environmental information collected at the sites of the National Solar Data Network is presented in the form of tables for each solar site. The sites are grouped into 12 zones, each of which consists of several adjacent states. The insolation table presents the total, diffuse, direct, maximum, and extraterrestrial radiation for the solar site. It also shows the ratio of total to extraterrestrial radiation as a percent. The temperature table gives the average, daytime, nighttime, maximum, minimu… more

Date: March 1, 1982

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Particle Cosmology Comes of Age

The application of modern ideas in particle physics to astrophysical and cosmological settings is a continuation of a fruitful tradition in astrophysics which began with the application of atomic physics, and then nuclear physics. In the past decade particle cosmology and particle astrophysics have been recognized as 'legitimate activities' by both particle physicists and astrophysicists and astronomers. During this time there has been a high level of theoretical activity producing much specula… more

Date: December 1, 1987

Creator: Turner, M. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Resonant enhancement of flavor-changing neutrino interactions

The resonant amplification of neutrino oscillations in the presence of flavor-changing neutrino interactions with matter is analyzed. It is shown that a significant {mu}-flavor conversion can take place even in the absence of neutrino mixing in vacuum. To account for the solar neutrino deficit, the strength of the new interactions should be {approximately} 10{sup {minus}2}G{sub F} and the resulting neutrino suppression and spectrum is similar to that in the ordinary MSW effect. I discuss some e… more

Date: October 1, 1991

Creator: Roulet, E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Effect of circumsolar radiation on performance of focusing collectors

Circumsolar radiation is one of several factors, along with optical errors (contour, tracking, etc.), that determine the size and shape of the solar image at the receiver of a concentrating collector. The sensitivity of a collector to circumsolar radiation depends on insolation conditions and on collector parameters; it increases with geometrical concentration ratio and decreases with operating threshold. The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) circumsolar data are used to develop fast computati… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Bendt, P. & Rabl, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Solar neutrinos: theory vs experiment

I review the standard solar model, the disparities between its predictions and the solar neutrino flux measurements of the Homestake and Kamioka II collaborations, and possible particle physics resolutions of this puzzle. The effects of matter, including density fluctuations and turbulence, on solar neutrino oscillations are reviewed, including possibilities for generating time variations in the solar neutrino flux. Finally, I consider possible outcomes and implications of the SAGE/GALLEX galli… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Haxton, W. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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MSW effect and solar neutrino experiments

We describe the MSW solutions to the /sup 37/Cl solar neutrino experiment, and their implications for the /sup 71/Ga experiment. Measurement of the spectrum of electron-type neutrinos arriving at earth is emphasized. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Rosen, S. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 4. Saudi Engineering Solar Energy Applications System Design Study

Literature summarizing a study on the Saudi Arabian solar controlled environment agriculture system is presented. Specifications and performance requirements for the system components are revealed. Detailed performance and cost analyses are used to determine the optimum design. A preliminary design of an engineering field test is included. Some weather data are provided for Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (BCS)

Date: January 1, 1985

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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XIX Recontre de Moriond. Summary talk

The theoretical arguments for neutrino mass are reviewed, and the present status of searches for neutrino mass in neutrino oscillations, direct measurements and other experiments are summarized. 46 references.

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Rosen, S.P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Particle detection using superfluid helium

We have observed 5 MeV {alpha} particles stopped in volumes-up to two liters of liquid helium at 70 mK. A fraction of the kinetic energy of an {alpha} particle is converted to elementary excitations (rotons and phonons), which progagate ballistically in isotopically pure {sup 4}He below 0.1 K. Most of these excitations have sufficient energy to evaporate helium atoms on hitting a free surface. The evaporated helium atoms can be detected calorimetrically when adsorbed on a thin silicon wafer ({a… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Bandler, S. R.; Lanou, R. E.; Maris, H. J.; More, T.; Porter, F. S.; Seidel, G. M. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department