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in subjects: "Sex Dependence"

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Radiation induced micrencephaly in guinea pigs

A brain weight deficit of about 70 mg was induced at doses of approximately 75-mGy and a deficit of 60 mg was induced at 100 mGy. This confirms the effects projected and observed by Wanner and Edwards. Although the data do not demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship between the 75-mGy and 100-mGy groups, the data are statistically consistent with a dose-response effect because of the overlapping confidence intervals. The lack of a statistically significant observation is most likely rela… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Wagner, L.K.; Johnston, D.A. & Felleman, D.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Interim economic and demographic profile, Benton and Franklin Counties, Washington: Working draft

This report is organized into five sections. Section 2 summarizes the methods used to compile and analyze the data presented in the report. It includes a discussion of the Qualilty Assurance context within which the data were collected, analyzed, and stored; a definition of the variables and time period included in the profile; description of the secondary and primary data collection, compilation, and analysis procedures used in preparing the report; and a summary of the database management sys… more

Date: November 1, 1987

Creator: Clark, D.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Problems and solutions in the estimation of genetic risks from radiation and chemicals

Extensive investigations with mice on the effects of various physical and biological factors, such as dose rate, sex and cell stage, on radiation-induced mutation have provided an evaluation of the genetics hazards of radiation in man. The mutational results obtained in both sexes with progressive lowering of the radiation dose rate have permitted estimation of the mutation frequency expected under the low-level radiation conditions of most human exposure. Supplementing the studies on mutation … more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Russell, W.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Inhalation developmental toxicology studies: Teratology study of n-hexane in rats: Final report

The straight chain hydrocarbon, n-hexane, is a volatile, ubiquitous solvent used in industrial, academic, and smaller commercial environments. The significant opportunity for women of child-bearing age to be exposed to this chemical prompted the undertaking of a study to assess the developmental toxicity of n-hexane in an animal model. Timed-pregnant (30 animals per group) and virgin (10 animals per group) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0 (filtered air), 200, 1000, and 5000 ppM n-hexane (9… more

Date: December 1, 1987

Creator: Mast, T.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Domestic and Personal Determinants of the Contamination of Individuals by Household Radon Daughters

Radon daughters were counted by gamma spectroscopy from 180 adult residents of eastern Pennsylvania during the winter of 1983-84. Body radon daughter contamination is an index of relative individual respiratory exposures to radon daughters. These can be related to household radon levels, and to personal risk factors such as sex and tobacco smoking. Over 75% of this Pennsylvania population appeared to have environmentally enhanced radon daughter contamination; 59% had counting rates greater than… more

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Stebbings, J. H.; Kardatzke, D. R.; Toohey, R. E.; Essling, M. E. & Pagnamenta, A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Health effects in women exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation

There are three delayed health effects of radiation which appear at the present time to have importance to women in radiation protection. These are: (1) the probability of cancer-induction at low doses and low-dose rates; (2) the consideration of those cancers in women, notably the breast and the thyroid, attributable to radiation exposure; and (3) the probability of induction of developmental abnormalities in the newborn following low-dose exposure in utero. The bases for the concern over thes… more

Date: June 1, 1982

Creator: Fabrikant, Jacob I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Germ cell toxicity: significance in genetic and fertility effects of radiation and chemicals

The response of the male and female to radiation and chemicals is different. Any loss of oocytes in the female cannot be replaced, and if severe enough, will result in a shortening of the reproductive span. In the male, a temporary sterile period may be induced owing to destruction of the differentiating spermatogonia, but the stem cells are the most resistant spermatogonial type, are capable of repopulating the seminiferous epithelium, and fertility usually returns. The response of both the ma… more

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: Oakberg, E.F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mortality, migration, income, and air pollution: a comparative study

The interrelationships among different demographic factors, specific causes of death, median family income, and estimated air pollution emissions were examined. Using the Medical Data Base (MEDABA) developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the entire population of the United States was cross-tabulated by income and emission levels of air pollutants. Path analysis was used to examine a number of patterns and relationships for each age, race, and sex group containing a minimum of 10,000 person… more

Date: June 2, 1978

Creator: Bozzo, S. R.; Novak, K. M.; Galdos, F.; Hakoopian, R. & Hamilton, L. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Modifications of models resulting from recent reports on health effects of ionizing radiation

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has sponsored several studies to identify and quantify the potential health effects of accidental releases of radionuclides from nuclear power plants. The most recent health effects models resulting from these efforts were published in two reports, NUREG/CR-4214, Rev. 1, Part 1 (1990) and Part 2 (1989). Several major health effects reports have been published recently that may impact the health effects models presented in these reports. This addendum to the Par… more

Date: August 1, 1991

Creator: Abrahamson, S.; Bender, M. A.; Boecker, B. B.; Scott, B. R. & Gilbert, E. S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Distribution and retention in bone of /sup 226/Ra and comparison with the ICRP 20 model

Analyses are presented of the ratios of /sup 226/Ra to calcium in over 650 samples of compact and cancellous bone from 66 female and 26 male subjects who had died from less than one to 60 years after first exposure to radium. The /sup 226/Ra/Ca ratios were normalized to the terminal /sup 226/Ra skeletal content. The /sup 226/Ra/Ca ratios for vertebrae were essentialy identical to those for other cancellous bone for a given subject. Comparisons of the data with predictions of the ICRP model of a… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Holtzman, R.B.; Rundo, J.; Sha, J.Y. & Spaletto, M.I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Protection by WR-151327 against late-effect damage from fission-spectrum neutrons

Considerable effort has been expended to develop chemical agents capable of modifying radiation-induced damage to biological systems. The authors describe here differences in the radioprotective effect of WR-151327, depending on the sex of the animal and the post-irradiation time interval considered. The greatest effect in female animals is prior to 805 days post irradiation. The greater protection in male animals is seen during the time increment following 850 days after irradiation. While it … more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Grdina, D. J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA) Chicago Univ., IL (USA). Dept. of Radiation and Cellular Oncology); Wright, B. J. & Carnes, B. A. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Risk assessment and late effects of radiation in low-earth orbits

The radiation dose rates in low-earth orbits are dependent on the altitude and orbital inclination. The doses to which the crews of space vehicles are exposed is governed by the duration of the mission and the shielding, and in low-earth orbit missions protons are the dominant particles encountered. The risk of concern with the low dose rates and the relatively low total doses of radiation that will be incurred on the space station is excess cancer. The National Council on Radiation Protection … more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Fry, R.J.M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Age- and sex-related changes in bone mass measured by neutron activation

Total-body calcium (TBCa) measurements have been employed in two basic types of studies. In the first type, serial measurements made on an individual patient are used to trace the time variation in body calcium. In the second type of study, the absolute total body calcium of an individual is determined and compared to a standard or predicted value in order to determine the deficit or excess of calcium. Generally, the standards are derived from data obtained from normal populations and grouped b… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Cohn, S.H.; Aloia, J.F.; Vaswani, A.N.; Zanzi, I.; Vartsky, D. & Ellis, K.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Inhalation developmental toxicology studies: Teratology study of n-hexane in mice: Final report

Gestational exposure to n-hexane resulted in an increase in the number of resorbed fetuses for exposure groups relative to the control group; however, the increases were not directly correlated to exposure concentration. The differences were statistically significant for the 200-ppM with respect to total intrauterine death (early plus late resorptions), and with respect to late resorptions for the 5000-ppM group. A small, but statistically significant, reduction in female (but not male) fetal b… more

Date: May 1, 1988

Creator: Mast, T. J.; Decker, J. R.; Stoney, K. H.; Westerberg, R. B.; Evanoff, J. J.; Rommereim, R. L. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Critical concentrations of cadmium in human liver and kidney measured by prompt-gamma neutron activation

Few data exist on Cd metabolism in human beings. In particular, data are needed on the role of parameters such as age, sex, weight, diet, smoking habits, and state of health. Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) provides the only currently available means for measuring in vivo levels of liver and kidney Cd. The method employs an 85 Ci, /sup 235/Pu,Be neutron source and a gamma ray detection system consisting of two Ge(Li) detector. The dose delivered to the liver and left kidney is … more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Cohn, S.H.; Vartsky, D.; Yasumura, S.; Zanzi, I. & Ellis, K.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Radiolethal and genetic vulnerabilities of germ cells in the female mammal: Effects of tritium and other radiations compared

Our focus is on the nature of the lethality target in very sensitive cells. In the mouse, several types of radiations have now been used, including /sup 3/H-Tdr incorporated into oocyte DNA, gamma rays delivered at various dose rates, 250 kVp x rays, neutrons of various energies, and three kinds of accelerated heavy ions (Si/sup 14 +/, Ar/sup 18 +/, Fe/sup 26 +/). We have shown that the lethality target in mouse immature oocytes is non-nuclear; it is equal in cross-sectional area to the entire … more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Straume, T.; Kwan, T.C.; Goldstein, L.S. & Dobson, R.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Deposition and retention of plutonium in the United States general population

Since 1959, a Los Alamos National Laboratory study has analyzed over 5000 tissues from 1100 individuals of the nonoccupationally exposed general population for fallout plutonium. These data have been useful in determining the tissue distributions and the annual baseline levels of environmental plutonium in the United States population. The effects of age, sex, date of death, cause of death and geographic location of resididence on the observed plutonium deposition have been evaluated. Because o… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: McInroy, J.F.; Boyd, H.A. & Eutsler, B.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Comparative dermotoxicity of shale oils

When shale oils are applied at higher dose levels the standard observation of tumor production and latency are often obscured by a severe inflammatory response leading to epidermal degeneration. The two experiments reported here are still in progress, however the interim results are useful in assessing both the phlogistic and tumorigenic properties of three shale oils. Three shale oils were tested in these experiments. The first crude oil (OCSO No. 6) was produced in a modified in situ report a… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Holland, L. M.; Wilson, J. S. & Foreman, M. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Foreign nationals who receive science or engineering Ph.D.`s from US universities: Stay rates and characteristics of stayers

This report studies the behavior of foreign nationals who received Ph.D. degrees in science or engineering from US universities during the period 1984--1990. It addresses two distinct questions: What proportion of foreign students stay to work in the United States after graduation; and do foreign students who leave the United States differ from those who stay? Descriptive statistics are provided to answer the first question. These estimates of stay rates have small margins of error because they… more

Date: April 1, 1995

Creator: Finn, M.G.; Pennington, L.A. & Anderson, K.H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Variations in the Retention and Excretion of {sup 137}Cs with Age and Sex

This report discusses the effects of age and sex on the retention and excretion of {sup 137}Cs in the body in a cross section of the general population over a four-year period.

Date: August 29, 2001

Creator: Boni, A. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Socioeconomic conditions in cultural communities: The Nez Perce Tribe, the confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and the confederated tribes and bands of the Yakima Indian Nation: Interim profile report

A series of BWIP Socioeconomic Profile Reports are being prepared. This report is one of the first set of five separate BWIP Profile Reports, which cover: economic/demographic conditions; fiscal conditions; housing characteristics; public services and facilities; and socioeconomic conditions in cultural communities. The BWIP Socioeconomic Profile Reports are designed to provide information about the characteristics of the communities in which socioeconomic impacts from BWIP may occur. The Profi… more

Date: November 1, 1987

Creator: Stokowski, P.A. & Friedli, E.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Experimental animal data and modeling of late somatic effects

This section is restricted to radiation-induced life shortening and cancer and mainly to studies with external radiation. The emphasis will be on the experimental data that are available and the experimental systems that could provide the type of data with which to either formulate or test models. Genetic effects which are of concern are not discussed in this section. Experimental animal radiation studies fall into those that establish general principles and those that demonstrate mechanisms. G… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Fry, R.J.M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analytical approaches to and interpretations of data on time, rate, and cause of death of mice exposed to external gamma irradiation

Young adult male and female mice of inbred strains, A, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C57L, and B6CF/sub 1/ and F/sub 2/ hybrids were exposed to daily duration-of-life external /sup 60/Co ..gamma.. irradiation. Age at death was recorded, and most decedents were necropsied to ascertain occurrence of major types of tumors. Age- and cause-specific mortality or incidence rates were derived, and their regressions on age were fitted with polynomial equations by least-squares procedures. Age-specific and age-ad… more

Date: March 13, 1978

Creator: Grahn, D.; Sacher, G.A.; Lea, R.A.; Fry, R.J.M. & Rust, J.H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Inhalation reproductive toxicology studies: Sperm morphology study of n-hexane in B6C3F1 mice: Final report

The straight-chain hydrocarbon, n-hexane, is a volatile, ubiquitous solvent routinely used in industrial environments. Although myelinated nerve tissue is the primary target organ of hexane, the testes have also been identified as being sensitive to hexacarbon exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epididymal sperm morphology of male B6D3F1 mice 5 weeks after exposure to 0, 200, 1000, or 5000 ppM n-hexane, 20 h/day for 5 consecutive days. Two concurrent positive control group… more

Date: August 1, 1988

Creator: Mast, T. J.; Hackett, P. L.; Decker, J. R.; Westerberg, R. B.; Sasser, L. B.; McClanahan, B. J. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department