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High Temperature Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications: Preprint

Description: To store thermal energy, sensible and latent heat storage materials are widely used. Latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) systems using phase change materials (PCM) are useful because of their ability to charge and discharge a large amount of heat from a small mass at constant temperature during a phase transformation. Molten salt PCM candidates for cascaded PCMs were evaluated for the temperatures near 320 degrees C, 350 degrees C, and 380 degrees C. These temperatures were selected to fil… more
Date: August 1, 2011
Creator: Gomez, J.; Glatzmaier, G. C.; Starace, A.; Turchi, C. & Ortega, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microwave impregnation of porous materials with thermal energy storage materials

Description: A method for impregnating a porous, non-metallic construction material with a solid phase-change material is described. The phase-change material in finely divided form is spread onto the surface of the porous material, after which the porous material is exposed to microwave energy for a time sufficient to melt the phase-change material. The melted material is spontaneously absorbed into the pores of the porous material. A sealing chemical may also be included with the phase-change material (or… more
Date: December 31, 1992
Creator: Benson, D. K. & Burrows, R. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Patent
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Heat Transfer and Latent Heat Storage in Inorganic Molten Salts for Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Description: A key technological issue facing the success of future Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) plants is creating an economical Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system. Current TES systems use either sensible heat in fluids such as oil, or molten salts, or use thermal stratification in a dual-media consisting of a solid and a heat-transfer fluid. However, utilizing the heat of fusion in inorganic molten salt mixtures in addition to sensible heat , as in a Phase change material (PCM)-based TES, can … more
Date: August 14, 2013
Creator: Mathur, Anoop
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Case studies of thermal energy storage (TES) systems: Evaluation and verification of system performance. Final report

Description: We have developed two case studies to review and analyze energy performance of thermal energy storage CMS systems in commercial buildings. Our case studies considered two partial ice storage systems in Northern California. For each case, we compiled historical data on TES design, installation, and operation. This information was further enhanced by data obtained through interviews with the building owners and operators. The performance and historical data of the TES systems and their components… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Akbari, H. & Sezgen, O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ice Slurry Cooling Research: Storage Tank Ice Agglomeration and Extraction

Description: A new facility has been built to conduct research and development on important issues related to implementing ice slurry cooling technology. Ongoing studies are generating important information on the factors that influence ice particle agglomeration in ice slurry storage tanks. The studies are also addressing the development of methods to minimize and monitor agglomeration and improve the efficiency and controllability of tank extraction of slurry for distribution to cooling loads. These engin… more
Date: August 1, 1999
Creator: Kasza, K. & Hayashi, Kanetoshi
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Wallboard with Latent Heat Storage for Passive Solar Applications

Description: Conventional wallboard impregnated with octadecane paraffin [melting point-23 C (73.5 F)] is being developed as a building material with latent heat storage for passive solar and other applications. Impregnation was accomplished simply by soaking the wallboard in molten wax. Concentrations of wax in the combined product as high as 35% by weight can be achieved. Scale-up of the soaking process, from small laboratory samples to full-sized 4- by 8-ft sheets, has been successfully accomplished. The… more
Date: May 31, 2001
Creator: Kedl, R. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Use of solid-state phase transitions for thermal energy storage. Final report, June 1, 1977--August 31, 1978

Description: A study has been carried out on the feasibility of using solid-state phase transitions for thermal energy storage. As part of this study a literature search was made to identify the most promising types of compounds and a synthesis program was carried out to prepare certain of these substances. In addition a large number of compounds for testing were obtained from commercial sources. All of the compounds were screened for transitions using a Perkin Elmer DSC-1B differential scanning calorimeter… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Leffler, A.J.; Myers, J. & Weinstein, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Waste Heat Recovery and Recycling in Thermal Separation Processes: Distillation, Multi-Effect Evaporation (MEE) and Crystallization Processes

Description: Evaporation and crystallization are key thermal separation processes for concentrating and purifying inorganic and organic products with energy consumption over 1,000 trillion Btu/yr. This project focused on a challenging task of recovering low-temperature latent heat that can have a paradigm shift in the way thermal process units will be designed and operated to achieve high-energy efficiency and significantly reduce the carbon footprint as well as water footprint. Moreover, this project has e… more
Date: December 3, 2012
Creator: Dada, Emmanuel A.; Panchal, Chandrakant B.; Achenie, Luke K.; Reichl, Aaron & Thomas, Chris C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar power towers

Description: The high desert near Barstow, California, has witnessed the development of this country`s first two solar power towers. Solar One operated successfully from 1982 to 1988 and proved that power towers work efficiently to produce utility-scale power from sunlight. Solar Two was connected to the utility grid in 1996 and is operating today. Like its predecessor, Solar Two is rated at 10 megawatts. An upgrade of the Solar One plant, Solar Two demonstrates how solar energy can be stored in the form of… more
Date: April 1, 1998
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar Two

Description: Solar Two is a concentrating solar power plant that can supply electric power on demand to the local utility, Southern California Edison Company. It can do so because it operates not only during sunny parts of the day, but it can store enough thermal energy from the sun to operate during cloudy periods and after dark, for up to three hours, at its rated output of 10 megawatts (MW). For the first time ever, a utility scale solar power plant can supply electricity when the utility needs it most, … more
Date: April 1, 1998
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling for moving boundary problems

Description: The classical problems in partial differential equations involve solving an equation within a fixed spatial region. However, when attempting to model such phenomena as melting and freezing, we find that as time varies the region in which, e.g., material in the liquid phase is present, will also vary and must be determined. Such problems, for which the solution of a partial differential equation is sought in a region which is itself varying in an unknown manner, are referred to as moving boundar… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Solomon, A. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design and simulation of latent heat storage units. Final report

Description: This report presents the results of two years of research and development on passive latent heat storage systems. Analytical models have been developed and extended, and a computer code for simulating the performance of a latent heat storage has been developed. The code is intended to be merged into a larger solar energy system simulation code and used for making realistic system studies. Simulation studies using a code which has a flexible and accurate routine for handling the storage subsyste… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Shamsundar, N.; Stein, E.; Rooz, E.; Bascaran, E. & Lee, T. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Phase Change Materials in Floor Tiles for Thermal Energy Storage

Description: Passive solar systems integrated into residential structures significantly reduce heating energy consumption. Taking advantage of latent heat storage has further increased energy savings. This is accomplished by the incorporation of phase change materials into building materials used in passive applications. Trombe walls, ceilings and floors can all be enhanced with phase change materials. Increasing the thermal storage of floor tile by the addition of encapsulated paraffin wax is the proposed … more
Date: October 1, 2002
Creator: Hittle, Douglas C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Form-stable crystalline polymer pellets for thermal energy storage: high density polyethylene intermediate products. Final report, October 1, 1977--January 31, 1978

Description: The primary objectives of this program were to demonstrate: (1) that form-stable high density polyethylene (HDPE), which has been shown to have desirable properties as a phase-change type of thermal energy storage material, could be produced by processing in a polyethylene plant for a projected price near 26 cents/lb; and (2) that the raw material, ethylene, will be available in the very long-term from alternate sources (other than petroleum and natural gas). These objectives were accomplished.… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Botham, R.A.; Ball, G.L. III; Jenkins, G.H. & Salyer, I.O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of enhanced heat transfer/transport/storage slurries for thermal-system improvement

Description: This paper presents a formulation of a new concept for improving thermal-system performance by utilizing the combined mechanisms of enhanced heat transfer, transport, and thermal-energy storage associated with a phase-change slurry as the working fluid.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Kasza, K. E. & Chen, M. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Macro-encapsulation of heat storage phase-change materials for use in residential buildings. First quarterly progress report, September 29--December 29, 1976

Description: Objectives are to assess the feasibility of macro-encapsulated PCM's for residential solar systems, to develop and evaluate such materials. Five PCM's have been selected from encapsulation studies. Encapsulated storage media were evaluated theoretically in storage beds with air and water as the heat transfer medium. Cylindrical, tetrahedral, and pillow shapes are being evaluated for the encapsulated PCM. Encapsulant materials under consideration are multilayer flexible plastic films, steel cans… more
Date: February 1, 1977
Creator: Lane, G. A.; Kott, A. C. & Rossow, H. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Case studies of thermal energy storage (TES) systems: Evaluation and verification of system performance

Description: We have developed two case studies to review and analyze energy performance of thermal energy storage CMS systems in commercial buildings. Our case studies considered two partial ice storage systems in Northern California. For each case, we compiled historical data on TES design, installation, and operation. This information was further enhanced by data obtained through interviews with the building owners and operators. The performance and historical data of the TES systems and their components… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Akbari, H. & Sezgen, O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Low-temperature thermal energy storage program annual operating plan

Description: The Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage (LTTES) Program operating plans for FY 1979 are described in terms of general program objectives and the technical activities being implemented to achieve these objectives. The program structure provides emphasis on several principal thrusts; namely, seasonal thermal storage, daily/short-term thermal storage, and recovery and reuse of waste heat. Fiscal data are summarized according to thrust area, individual efforts, and funding source.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Eissenberg, D.M. & Hoffman, H.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

U.S. Department of Energy thermal energy storage research activities review: 1989 Proceedings

Description: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) offers the opportunity for the recovery and re-use of heat currently rejected to the ambient environment. Further, through the ability of TES to match an energy supply with a thermal energy demand, TES increases efficiencies of energy systems and improves capacity factors of power plants. The US Department of Energy has been the leader in TES research, development, and demonstration since recognition in 1976 of the need for fostering energy conservation as a compone… more
Date: March 1989
Creator: Hoffman, H. W. & Tomlinson, J. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Model of direct contact heat transfer for latent heat energy storage

Description: Direct contact heat transfer is an attractive method to reduce the cost of heat exchange for latent heat thermal energy storage systems. However, current performance information is insufficient to allow an accurate appraisal of its economic and technical feasibility. In a direct contact heat transfer system, an immiscible fluid is bubbled through the storage media and heat is transferred between the phases as the droplets rise. An analytical model is presented for predicting the temperature of … more
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: Cease, M. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cooling concept integration. Phase I final technical report, October 1, 1979-July 31, 1981. [For pre-engineered metal buildings]

Description: Before specific test prototypes were developed, six potential evaporative roof cooling configurations with alternative storage and heat transfer mechanisms were examined, and preliminary cost estimates were made. Each system uses a wet roof system which sprays or floods the roof, allowing evaporative heat transfer to the environment. Finite difference thermal network methods were used for the evaluation of the systems. Detailed results including charts of the hourly heat flows during particular… more
Date: August 19, 1981
Creator: Fraker, H.; Glennie, W. & Snyder, M.K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal energy storage subsystems: quarterly report

Description: Two quarterly reports covering the progress made in the development, fabrication, and delivery of three thermal energy storage subsystems are presented. The design, development, and progress toward the delivery of three subsystems are discussed. The subsystem uses a salt hydrate mixture for thermal energy storage. Included are the program schedules, technical data, and other program activities from January 1, 1978, through June 30, 1978.
Date: July 1, 1978
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Preliminary survey and evaluation of nonaquifer thermal energy storage concepts for seasonal storage

Description: Thermal energy storage enables the capture and retention of heat energy (or cold) during one time period for use during another. Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) involves a period of months between the input and recovery of energy. The purpose of this study was to make a preliminary investigation and evaluation of potential nonaquifer STES systems. Current literature was surveyed to determine the state of the art of thermal energy storage (TES) systems such as hot water pond storage, hot … more
Date: November 1, 1980
Creator: Blahnik, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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