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Impact of advanced fluids on costs of district cooling systems

Description: Three alternate fluids, ice-water slurry, friction reduction additive and the combination of them, have been compared for use in District Cooling Systems (DCS). The effect of the fluids on cost and cooling capacities were considered for the two cases of new and existing DCS separately. Two criteria were used in comparisons among fluids in each case: constant pumping power which allows for the most benefit, and constant velocity which is more practical consideration. An economic assessment for a… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Choi, U.S. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)); France, D.M. & Knodel, B.D. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States) Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ice slurry cooling development and field testing

Description: A new advanced cooling technology collaborative program is underway involving Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Northern States Power (NSP) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The program will conduct field tests of an ice slurry distributed load network cooling concept at a Northern States Power utility service center to further develop and prove the technology and to facilitate technology transfer to the private sector. The program will further develop at Argonne National Labor… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Kasza, K.E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)); Hietala, J. (Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN (United States)); Wendland, R.D. (Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States)) & Collins, F. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Temporal and spatial trends in the chemistry of acidified lakes under ice cover

Description: When preparing materials budgets for watersheds containing lakes, the spatial and temporal interchange between large compartments within the whole system must be considered. This paper addresses the lakes of the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) and their role in our mass balance calculations for the period of winter stratification of 1978-1979, and presents data on lake metabolism.
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Hendrey, G. R.; Galloway, J. N. & Schofield, C. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effect of latent heat on frost penetration in moist soil

Description: Substantial differences have been found between measured and computed heat losses from a large in-ground thermal storage tank used for annual cycle heat storage. One suspected source of error in the computation was the neglect of the latent heat effects in the moist soil and efforts have been made to examine these. One of these effects, that was due to freezing and thawing of the soil moisture is discussed, and the results of some simulations of the effect in a numerical model are presented.
Date: May 1, 1979
Creator: Hopper, F. C. & McClenahan, J. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Third international workshop on ice storage for cooling applications

Description: The third international workshop on ice storage for cooling applications which was informal and interactive in nature, was open to persons interested in all ice-growing technologies and in ice storage, both seasonal and diurnal. Presentations were made on some 20 topics, ranging from freezers in Alaska to ice cooling of commercial jet aircraft. Workshop tours included visits to ice-storage systems at Commonwealth Edison's facilities in Bolingbrook and Des Plaines Valley, the A.C. Neilsen builin… more
Date: April 1, 1986
Creator: Gorski, A.J. (comp.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Detection of single atoms by resonance ionization spectroscopy

Description: Rutherford's idea for counting individual atoms can, in principle, be implemented for nearly any type of atom, whether stable or radioactive, by using methods of resonance ionization. With the RIS technique, a laser is tuned to a wavelength which will promote a valence electron in a Z-selected atom to an excited level. Additional resonance or nonresonance photoabsorption steps are used to achieve nearly 100% ionization efficiencies. Hence, the RIS process can be saturated for the Z-selected ato… more
Date: January 1, 1986
Creator: Hurst, G.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fine-scale Horizontal Structure of Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds.

Description: Recent in situ observations in stratiform clouds suggest that mixed phase regimes, here defined as limited cloud volumes containing both liquid and solid water, are constrained to narrow layers (order 100 m) separating all-liquid and fully glaciated volumes (Hallett and Viddaurre, 2005). The Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (DOE-ARM, Ackerman and Stokes, 2003) North Slope of Alaska (NSA) ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) recently started collecting routine mea… more
Date: July 10, 2006
Creator: Rambukkange,M.; Verlinde, J.; Elorante, E.; Luke, E.; Kollias, P. & Shupe, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A High Resolution Hydrometer Phase Classifier Based on Analysis of Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra.

Description: The lifecycle and radiative properties of clouds are highly sensitive to the phase of their hydrometeors (i.e., liquid or ice). Knowledge of cloud phase is essential for specifying the optical properties of clouds, or else, large errors can be introduced in the calculation of the cloud radiative fluxes. Current parameterizations of cloud water partition in liquid and ice based on temperature are characterized by large uncertainty (Curry et al., 1996; Hobbs and Rangno, 1998; Intriery et al., 200… more
Date: August 6, 2007
Creator: Luke,E. & Kollias, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Prospecting for lunar ice using a multi-rover cooperative team

Description: A multi-rover cooperative team or swarm developed by Sandia National Laboratories is described, including various control methodologies that have been implemented to date. How the swarm's capabilities could be applied to a lunar ice prospecting mission is briefly explored. Some of the specific major engineering issues that must be addressed to successfully implement the swarm approach to a lunar surface mission are outlined, and potential solutions are proposed.
Date: February 11, 2000
Creator: Klarer, Paul R.; Feddema, John T. & Lewis, Christopher L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Laboratory Performance of a Dynamic Ice Storage System

Description: The performance of a commercial 30-ton dynamic ice storage system was measured in a dedicated laboratory test facility and the results analyzed. The ice storage system was tested over a wide range of operating conditions to characterize the ice generating performance as a function of condensing conditions, ice build time, and defrost time. The overall efficiency of ice production was determined and the effect of refrigeration system component performance on the overall system efficiency was eva… more
Date: June 1, 1991
Creator: Stovall, T. K. & Tomlinson, J. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High pressure studies of planetary matter

Description: Those materials which are of greatest interest to the physics of the deep planetary interiors are Fe, H/sub 2/, He and the Ices. These are sufficiently diverse and intensively studied to offer an overview of present day high pressure research. 13 refs., 1 fig.
Date: June 1, 1989
Creator: Ross, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Impact of the ice phase on a mesoscale convective system: Implication of cloud parameterization and cloud radiative properties

Description: This study attempts to provide further understanding of the effect of the ice phase on cloud ensemble features which are useful for improving GCM cumulus parameterization. In addition, cloud model results are used to diagnose the radiative properties of anvils in order to assess cloud/radiation interaction and its feedback on the larger-scale climate for the future work. The heat, moisture and mass budget analyses of a simulated squall line system indicate that, at least for this type of system… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Chin, H. N. S.; Bradley, M. M.; Molenkamp, C. R.; Grant, K. E. & Chuang, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental study of natural convection melting of ice in salt solutions

Description: The solid-liquid interface morphology and the micro-physical process near the moving phase boundary during natural convection melting of a horizontal layer of ice by an overlying pool of salt solution were studied experimentally. A cathetometer which amplifies the interface region was used to measure the ice melting rate. Also measured were the temperature transients of the liquid pool. Within the temperature and the density ratio ranges explored, the ice melting rate was found to be very sensi… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Fang, L. J.; Cheung, F. B.; Linehan, J. H. & Pedersen, D. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hugoniot of water ice

Description: Hugoniot data for water ice are available for pressures ranging from about 150 MPa to about 50 GPa from initial states near 260 K. Limited data on porous ice (snow) at the same initial temperatures are available from 3.5 to 38 GPa and initial densities of 600 and 350 Mg/m/sup 3/. Above about 5 GPa, the data are fairly well-fit by a linear relation between shock and particle velocity: D(km/s) = 1.79 + 1.42u. However, a quadratic form fits the data better: D(km/s) = 1.32 + 1.68u - 0.035u/sup 2/. … more
Date: January 19, 1984
Creator: Gaffney, E.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Global climate feedbacks

Description: The important physical, chemical, and biological events that affect global climate change occur on a mesoscale -- requiring high spatial resolution for their analysis. The Department of Energy has formulated two major initiatives under the US Global Change Program: ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements), and CHAMMP (Computer Hardware Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics). ARM is designed to use ground and air-craft based observations to document profiles of atmospheric composition, clouds, … more
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Manowitz, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Prediction of Local Effects of Proposed Cooling Ponds

Description: A Fog Excess Water (FEW) Index has been shown to provide a good measure of the likelihood for steam fog to occur at specific cooling pond installations. The FEW Index is derived from the assumption that the surface boundary layer over a cooling pond will be strongly convective, and that highly efficient vertical transport mechanisms will result in a thorough mixing of air saturated at surface temperature with ambient air aloft. Available data support this assumption. An extension of this approa… more
Date: 1978
Creator: Hicks, B. B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ice slurry cooling development and field testing

Description: A new advanced cooling technology collaborative program is underway involving Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Northern States Power (NSP) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The program will conduct field tests of an ice slurry distributed load network cooling concept at a Northern States Power utility service center to further develop and prove the technology and to facilitate technology transfer to the private sector. The program will further develop at Argonne National Labor… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Kasza, K. E.; Hietala, J.; Wendland, R. D. & Collins, F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Impact of advanced fluids on costs of district cooling systems

Description: Three alternate fluids, ice-water slurry, friction reduction additive and the combination of them, have been compared for use in District Cooling Systems (DCS). The effect of the fluids on cost and cooling capacities were considered for the two cases of new and existing DCS separately. Two criteria were used in comparisons among fluids in each case: constant pumping power which allows for the most benefit, and constant velocity which is more practical consideration. An economic assessment for a… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Choi, U. S.; France, D. M. & Knodel, B. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental hypervelocity impact effects on simulated planetesimal materials

Description: Experimental results are presented from a series of hypervelocity impact tests on simulated comet and asteroid materials for the purpose of characterizing their response to hypervelocity kinetic energy impacts. Nine tests were conducted at the Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) S1 Range Facility on ice, rock, and iron target samples using a spherical 2.39 mm diameter aluminum impactor (0.0192 gm) at impact velocities of from 7.6 to 8.4 km/sec. The test objectives were to col… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Tedeschi, W. J.; Schulze, J. F.; Remo, J. L. & Young, R. P. Jr
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Methodology for Calculating Cost-per-Mile for Current and Future Vehicle Powertrain Technologies, with Projections to 2024: Preprint

Description: Currently, several cost-per-mile calculators exist that can provide estimates of acquisition and operating costs for consumers and fleets. However, these calculators are limited in their ability to determine the difference in cost per mile for consumer versus fleet ownership, to calculate the costs beyond one ownership period, to show the sensitivity of the cost per mile to the annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and to estimate future increases in operating and ownership costs. Oftentimes, th… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Ruth, M.; Timbario, T. A.; Timbario, T. J. & Laffen, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fundamental cryobiology of mouse ova and embryos

Description: An increasing fraction of mouse ova and embryos are killed as the rate at which they are cooled to -196/sup 0/C is increased. The survival of these cells depends not only on cooling rate, but also on the minimum subzero temperature to which the cells are cooled. Low temperature microscopy demonstrates that lethal cooling rates are coincident with those that produce intracellular ice formation, and that the lethal temperature appears to be that at which intracellular ice forms. Furthermore, the … more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Leibo, S. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Changes in Dimethyl Sulfide Oceanic Distribution due to Climate Change

Description: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major precursors for aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer over much of the remote ocean. Here they report on coupled climate simulations with a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemical model for DMS distribution and fluxes using present-day and future atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations. They find changes in zonal averaged DMS flux to the atmosphere of over 150% in the Southern Ocean. This is due to concurrent sea ice chan… more
Date: February 16, 2011
Creator: Cameron-Smith, P; Elliott, S; Maltrud, M; Erickson, D & Wingenter, O
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Can hydrous minerals account for the observed mid-latitude water on Mars?

Description: Great interest was generated with the discovery by the Odyssey spacecraft OC heterogeneously distributed hydrogcn at martian mid-latitudes, suggesting that large areas of the near-equatorial highlands contain near-surface deposits of 'chemically and/or physically bound 1120 and/or OH' in amounts up to 3.8% equivalent H20. More recent interpretations of the Odyssey data using new calibrations suggest that some near-equatorial areas, such as Arabia Terra, contain up to 8.5f I .3% water-equivalent… more
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Bish, D. L. (David L.); Vaniman, D. T. (David T.); Fialips, C. I. (Clair I.); Carey, J. W. (James W.) & Feldman, W. C. (William C.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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