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in subjects: "Solar Radiation"  
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Daily radiation model for use in the simulation of passive solar buildings

Description: A model is presented to characterize solar radiation with just three input parameters for each day. This compressed daily radiation data may be used in place of hourly data in simulations of passive solar buildings. This method is tested with the SUNCAT passive simulation. Global horizontal and direct normal radiation data are input using the compressed daily form instead of by hour. Simulation results are found to be comparable to results based on hourly radiation data.
Date: April 1, 1981
Creator: Sillman, S. & Wortman, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Possible variations in atmospheric ozone related to the eleven year solar cycle

Description: Changes in ozone and other minor constituents resulting from eleven year variations in the solar flux between 180 and 300 nm reported by Heath and Thekaekara (8) are presented. Results were computed using a one-dimensional time dependent model that allows for all major feedbacks and time delays which may result from changing photolysis rates in the O/sub x/--NO/sub x/--HO/sub x/--ClO/sub x/ system. Since the 1950's the chlorine content of the stratosphere has been increasing. The effect of this… more
Date: April 20, 1978
Creator: Penner, J.E. & Chang, J.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proceedings of the workshop on cool building materials

Description: The Option 9, Cool Communities, of the Clinton-Gore Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) calls for mobilizing community and corporate resources to strategically plant trees and lighten the surfaces of buildings and roads in order to reduce cooling energy use of the buildings. It is estimated that Cool Communities Project will potentially save over 100 billion kilowatt-hour of energy per year corresponding to 27 million tons of carbon per year by the year 2015. To pursue the CCAP`s objectives, Lawr… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Akbari, H.; Fishman, B. & Frohnsdorff, G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar proton fluxes since 1956

Description: The fluxes of protons emitted during solar flares since 1956 were evaluated. The depth-versus-activity profiles of /sup 56/Co in several lunar rocks are consistent with the solar-proton fluxes detected by experiments on several satellites. Only about 20% of the solar-proton-induced activities of /sup 22/Na and /sup 55/Fe in lunar rocks from early Apollo missions were produced by protons emitted from the sun during solar cycle 20 (1965--1975). The depth-versus-activity data for these radionuclid… more
Date: April 13, 1977
Creator: Reedy, R. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Implementing Best Practices for Data Quality Assessment of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory?s Solar Resource and Meteorological Assessment Project: Preprint

Description: Effective solar radiation measurements for research and economic analyses require a strict protocol for maintenance, calibration, and documentation to minimize station downtime and data corruption. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Concentrating Solar Power: Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data includes guidelines for operating a solar measurement station. This paper describes a suite of automated and semi-automated routines based on the best practi… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Wilcox, S. M. & McCormack, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar monopoles and terrestrial neutrinos

Description: Magnetic monopoles captured in the core of the sun may give rise to a substantial flux of energetic neutrinos by catalyzing the decay of solar hydrogen. We discuss the expected neutrino flux in underground detectors under different assumptions about solar interior conditions. Although a monopole flux as low as F/sub M/ /approximately/ 10/sup /minus/24/ cm/sup /minus/2/ sec/sup /minus/1/ sr/sup /minus/1/ could give rise to a neutrino flux above atmospheric background, due to M/bar M/ annihilatio… more
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Frieman, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Measurement and Modeling of Solar and PV Output Variability: Preprint

Description: This paper seeks to understand what temporal and spatial scales of variability in global horizontal radiation are important to a PV plants and what measurements are needed to be able to characterize them. As solar radiation measuring instruments are point receivers it is important to understand how those measurements translate to energy received over a larger spatial extent. Also of importance is the temporal natural of variability over large spatial areas. In this research we use high temporal… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Sengupta, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

COMPARISON OF CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS RESULTS FROM TWO METHODS OF PROCESSING SITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Description: Consequence analysis to support documented safety analysis requires the use of one or more years of representative meteorological data for atmospheric transport and dispersion calculations. At minimum, the needed meteorological data for most atmospheric transport and dispersion models consist of hourly samples of wind speed and atmospheric stability class. Atmospheric stability is inferred from measured and/or observed meteorological data. Several methods exist to convert measured and observed … more
Date: April 25, 2007
Creator: Thoman, D. C. & Weber, A. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Toward the Development of a Diffuse Horizontal Shortwave Irradiance Working Standard

Description: The first intensive observation period (IOP) to simultaneously measure diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance (scattered solar radiation that falls on a horizontal surface) with a wide array of shaded pyranometers suggested that a consensus might be reached that would permit the establishment of a standard with a smaller uncertainty than previously achieved. A second IOP has been held to refine the first IOP measurements using a uniform calibration protocol, offset corrections for all instrume… more
Date: April 1, 2005
Creator: Michalsky, J.; Dolce, R.; Dutton, E.G.; Haeffelin, M.; Jeffries, W.; Stoffel, T. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effects of stratospheric perturbations on the solar radiation budget

Description: The changes in solar absorption and in local heating rates due to perturbations to O/sub 3/ and NO/sub 2/ concentrations caused by stratospheric injection of NO/sub x/ and CFM pollutants are assessed. The changes in species concentration profiles are derived from theoretical calculations using a transport-kinetics model. Because of significant changes in our understanding of stratospheric chemistry during the past year, the assessment of the effect of stratospheric perturbations on the solar ra… more
Date: April 1, 1978
Creator: Luther, F.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Progress on Updating the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Database: Preprint

Description: The 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) provides a 30-year climate summary and solar characterization of 239 locations throughout the United States. Over the past several years, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has received numerous inquiries from a range of constituents as to whether an update of the database to include the 1990s will be developed. However, there are formidable challenges to creating an update of the serially complete station-specific database f… more
Date: April 1, 2003
Creator: Renne, D.; Wilcox, S.; Marion, B.; George, R.; Myers, D.; Stoffel, T. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Uncertainty Analysis for Broadband Solar Radiometric Instrumentation Calibrations and Measurements: An Update; Preprint

Description: The measurement of broadband solar radiation has grown in importance since the advent of solar renewable energy technologies in the 1970's, and the concern about the Earth's radiation balance related to climate change in the 1990's. In parallel, standardized methods of uncertainty analysis and reporting have been developed. Historical and updated uncertainties are based on the current international standardized uncertainty analysis method. Despite the fact that new and sometimes overlooked sour… more
Date: April 1, 2004
Creator: Myers, D. R.; Reda, I. M.; Wilcox, S. M. & Stoffel, T. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CLARREO shortwave observing system simulation experiments of the twenty-first century: Simulator design and implementation

Description: Projected changes in the Earth system will likely be manifested in changes in reflected solar radiation. This paper introduces an operational Observational System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to calculate the signals of future climate forcings and feedbacks in top-of-atmosphere reflectance spectra. The OSSE combines simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM) with the MODTRAN radiative transfer… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Feldman, Daniel R.; Algieri, Chris A.; Ong, Jonathan R. & Collins, William D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of the atmospheric state: Lower boundary condition

Description: It is convenient to consider 2 broad categories of climate-related modeling studies for which it is necessary to specify some kind of lower boundary conditions. The first of these categories is the use of general circulation or weather forecasting models, perhaps modified to carry out climate simulations. In these models, one normally has to specify something about the albedo of the surface to get the radiation balance right, the surface roughness to get the momentum exchange right, and the sur… more
Date: April 4, 2000
Creator: Doran, J. C.; Barnard, J. C.; Hubbe, J. M.; Liljegren, J. C.; Shaw, W. J.; Zhong, S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The North Slope of Alaska and Adjacent Arctic Ocean (NSA/AAO) cart site begins operation: Collaboration with SHEBA and FIRE

Description: Since the 1997 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, the North Slope of Alaska and Adjacent Arctic Ocean (NSA/AAO) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site has come into being. Much has happened even since the 1998 Science Team Meeting at which this paper was presented. To maximize its usefulness, this paper has been updated to include developments through July 1998.
Date: April 4, 2000
Creator: Zak, D. B.; Church, H.; Ivey, M.; Yellowhorse, L.; Zirzow, J.; Widener, K. B. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A procedure for the automatic estimation of mixed layer height.

Description: The daytime mixed layer results from mechanical and thermal turbulence processes driven by differences in air-surface temperature and moisture. As such, the height of the mixed layer (z{sub i}) is a measure of the effectiveness of energy transfer from the sun to the earth's surface and, in turn, to the lower atmosphere (Stun, 1989). Maximum daytime values for z{sub i} in the region of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) vary from less than 100 m in cloudy, moist, … more
Date: April 15, 1998
Creator: Coulter, R. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An iterative procedure for estimating areally averaged heat flux using planetary boundary layer mixed layer height and locally measured heat flux

Description: Measurements at the central facility of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) are intended to verify, improve, and develop parameterizations in radiative flux models that are subsequently used in General Circulation Models (GCMs). The reliability of this approach depends upon the representativeness of the local measurements at the central facility for the site as a whole or on how these measurements can be interpreted so as to accurately represent increasingly large… more
Date: April 4, 2000
Creator: Coulter, R. L.; Gao, W. & Lesht, B. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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