How physics defines the LHC environment and detectors Page: 2 of 38
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electroweak coupling constant while a is the electromagnetic fine structure
constant [8]. Units with h = c =1 are used in all the equations.
Another indication of the appropriate energy scale for new physics is set by
considering a weakly interacting, neutral, stable particle which would make up the
"dark matter" which has been inferred in cosmological and astrophysical studies. If
such a particle had a mass of order 1 TeV it would then have the correct relic
density to be a candidate particle for dark matter. It is to be hoped that this fact is
not simply coincidental [9].
The historical approach to this high energy scale is shown in Fig. 1 where the
available energy to make new particles is plotted as a function of the year when a
new accelerator facility came on line. The exponential growth of available C.M.
energy with time has clearly slowed lately. It is also clear that the new LHC
accelerator, with a C.M. energy of 14 TeV is the only facility now available which
can decisively probe the necessary terascale. The C.M. energy of the scattering of
the fundamental constituents is less that the proton-proton C.M. energy because the
protons are composites composed of quarks and gluons.104.
r
0102 -
101
100
10-1
I I I
I I I
I I I
1080 190
Starting YearI I I
00 21
10
Figure 1: The available C.M. energy at recent accelerator facilities as a function of
the starting year of the facility. The first data taking run at the LHC will be in 2009.
The masses of the quarks and bosons are also indicated and the possible range of the
Higgs mass.2
AQcelerators Q S SC
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- Higg boon
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-pS LEPII o t quark
_ - o W Z bsos
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o c quark
Stan
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1
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Green, D. How physics defines the LHC environment and detectors, article, January 1, 2010; Batavia, Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc932188/m1/2/?q=%22Green%2C+D%22: accessed June 21, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.