SCENARIOS EVALUATION TOOL FOR CHLORINATED SOLVENT MNA Page: 5 of 193
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WSRC-STI-2006-00096, Rev. 1
October 2, 2006
Page v of vi
tools to allow a site to be evaluated in terms of a system where the inputs and processes
within the system are compared to the outputs from the system, as well as understanding
what attenuation processes may be occurring and how likely they are to occur within a
system. Enhanced Attenuation is a new concept that is a transition step between primary
treatments and MNA, when the natural attenuation processes are not sufficient to allow
direct transition from the primary treatment to MNA. EA technologies are designed to
either boost the level of the natural attenuation processes or decrease the loading of
contaminants to the system for a period of time sufficient to allow the remedial goals to
be met over the long-term. For characterization and monitoring, a phased approach based
on documenting the site specific mass balance was developed. Tools and techniques to
support the approach included direct measures of the biological processes and various
tools to support cost-effective long-term monitoring of systems where the natural
attenuation processes are the main treatment remedies. The effort revealed opportunities
for integrating attenuation mechanisms into a systematic set of "combined remedies" for
contaminated sites.
An important portion of this project was a suite of 14 research studies that supported the
development of the three topic areas. A research study could support one or more of
these three topic areas, with one area identified as the primary target. The following
report documents the results of the development of a scenario-based framework to
support MNA and EA decision-making led by Charles J. Newell of Groundwater
Services Inc. and Michael Truex of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This study
supports the topic area(s) of characterization and monitoring and Enhanced Attenuation
with characterization and monitoring being the primary development area. The objective
of the study was to develop a guide to provide practitioners with an appropriate level of
site specificity to assist in planning/supporting characterization, modeling, and
implementation of MNA and EA. The tool consists of a user's guide and 13 scenarios
that are built around general site conditions and hydrogeologic conditions.
The Scenarios document is practical in its focus and scope but the investigators did an
excellent job of weaving in the latest science (in the form of reaction mechanisms and
rates) and in leveraging related efforts funded by DOD and EPA (e.g., BIOCHLOR,
BIOPLUME, MAROS, etc.). This work builds significantly on the 1998 EPA protocol.
In many cases, the historical datasets developed for these other projects were used as the
basis for setting the boundaries on the bins (e.g., for flow rate changes, etc.). The idea of
a taxonomic key for chlorinated organic MNA was a substantive challenge and the result
is impressive. Anytime that a system is set up to organize and simplify a problem, there
will be potential technical challenges, but this work is structured to encourage collection
of key site specific data when those pitfalls are approached at any particular plume or
plume zone.
The research team did a very good job of describing the various key concepts that a site
owner needs to understand and communicate with respect to the viability of MNA. This
product provides basic guidance on the different degradation mechanisms that are likely
to occur given different site conditions. These scenarios should be beneficial to the user
in focusing on key concepts/questions that pertain to their site conditions.
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Vangelas, K & Brian02 Looney, B. SCENARIOS EVALUATION TOOL FOR CHLORINATED SOLVENT MNA, report, August 16, 2006; [Aiken, South Carolina]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc882879/m1/5/: accessed May 2, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.