SURVEY METHODS FOR NEUTRON FIELDS Page: 5 of 37
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UCL- 1635
If one iF concerned simply with an evaluation of the specific energy
absorption by soft biological tissue from a radiation field of any type, he
may have recourse to the "tissue-equivalent" chamber technique so carefully
developed by Gray, and by Failla and nossi. If prior knowledge is available
concerning the relative biological effectiveness of the radiation field in
question, and if it is assumed that the energy absorption in soft tissue
(usually measured in the "roentgen equivalent physical" unit) multiplied by
this R.B.E. will give the desired hazard index, then the use of these chambers
(or of approximations thereto) is to be recommended.
The subject matter of the present article, however, assumes a desire to
evaluate the various components of a radiation field, and in particular the
specific neutron contributions. Methods will be described for estimating flux
densities or energy absorption rates for neutrons in three energy categories:
slow (i.e., thermal and near thermal), fast (0.3-15 Mev), and high energy
(above 20 Mev). Whenever feasible, one desires to employ alternative methods
in a given evaluation so as to provide either assurance or criticism of its
validity. The discussion here submitted is certainly not exhaustive, but will
involve only some of the leading ideas currently in use.
II, SLC" NEURON ;UIVEY TEcaUNIQUEaS
A. Definition of "Slow"
From the standpoint of biological effects, slow.neutrons are those for
which capture by nitrogen nuclei and by protons are the important phenomena
in the development of absorbable energy within a biological medium.4 This
means that "slow" neutrons will here include both the thermal and capture
resonance energy regions.-4-
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Moyer, B.J. SURVEY METHODS FOR NEUTRON FIELDS, report, January 11, 1952; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc833023/m1/5/: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.