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Table 3-Bacteria isolated anaerobically from plated samples of red oak and loblolly pine using API 20
Isolate Tree Tree Sample Site
number number species group type Bacterial organism
AA1 0-2 Oak 0 Control Bacteroides oralis
AA2 0-4 Oak 0 Control Bacteroides oralis
AA3 814B Pine 1 Mesic 2 Bifidobacillus adolescentis
AA4 815B Pine 1 Mesic 2 N/I
AA5 833 Pine 1 Mesic 3 Bifidobacillus adolescentis
AA6 975 Oak 2 Hydric 1 Streptococcus intermedius
AA7 867 Pine 3 Hydric 1 N/I
AA8 956A Oak 3 Xeric 3 Bacteroides oralis
AA9 873 Pine 4 Hydric 1 Clostridium beijerinckii
AA10 895 Pine 4 Hydric 3 N/I
AA11 898 Pine 4 Hydric 3 Actinomyces israelii
AA12 813 Pine 4 Mesic 2 N/I
AA13 825 Pine 4 Mesic 3 Clostridium beijerinckii
N/I = API 20A could not identify.
Table 4-Mean total number of isolates by LEC unit
LEC unit Number Mean
Control 2 16.500 a
Mesic 8 11.000 b
Hydric 8 9.500 b
Xeric 8 9.250 b
Note: Means with the same letter are not significantly different at
a=0.05.
Over the hydric sites the p-value is p>0.0728, indicating
that there is, likewise, not a difference. However, when
comparing the mean values over LEO unit the oak is nearly
double that of the pine (fig. 2).
If the isolates are grouped by genus, Erwinia and
Xanthomonas are prevalent in the controls (fig. 3).
However, Enterobacter was the most abundant in all the
LEC units, with the largest number isolated from the mesic
site. Serratia was also prevalent throughout all LEC units,
again with most isolates found on mesic sites. This same
trend also pertained to the yeasts that were isolated.
CONCLUSIONS
Previous studies suggested that decomposition varies by
site quality, possibly due to different populations or numbers
of microorganisms (Abbott and Crossley 1982, Bailey 1994,
Hare 1994). In this study, however, bacterial populations
were not found to vary, suggesting that they play similar
roles in CWD decomposition on hydric, mesic, and xeric
LEC units. These results may suggest that bacteria play a
minor role in CWD decomposition or that they are highly
adaptable to different forested environments. This study
identified a large number of facultative anaerobic bacteria
from the sapwood of loblolly pine and red oak and created
an extensive database of bacteria that inhabit decaying
wood of these two tree species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy in
cooperation with the Southern Research Station and the
Savannah River Forest Station.
LITERATURE CITED
Abbott, D.T.; Crossley, D.A., Jr. 1982. Woody litter
decomposition following clearcutting. Ecology. 63:35-42.
Bailey, M.L. 1994. Soil microarthopods in pine plantations:
effects of landscape ecosystem classification site unit,
root mat, litterfall, moisture and nutrient additions on
abundance. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. 121 page
M.S. thesis.
Barnes, B.V.; Pregitzer, K.S.; Spies, T.A.; Spooner, V.H.
1982. Ecological forest site classification. Journal of
Forestry. 80:493-498.
Hare, V.A. 1994. Factors influencing microbial degradation
along an environmental gradient. Clemson, SC:
Clemson University. 51 page M.S. Thesis.
Harmon, M.E.; Franklin, J.F.; Swanson, F.J. [and others].
1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate
ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research. 15:133-
302.
Jones, S.M. 1991. Landscape ecosystem classification for
South Carolina. In: Mengel, Dennis L.; Tew, D.
Thompson, eds. Proceedings of a symposium:
ecological land classification: applications to identify the
productive potential of southern forests. 1991 January 7-
9; Charlotte, NC. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-68. Asheville, NC:
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