CREAT A CONSORTIUM AND DEVELOP PREMIUM CARBON PRODUCTS FROM COAL Page: 11 of 42
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1.0 ABSTRACT
Conventional isostatically-molded graphite is produced from petroleum coke and coal-tar
binder pitch. The current project sought to demonstrate that isotropic graphite could be
obtained entirely from coal-based feeds, which are not reliant on petroleum sources or
coke oven byproducts. A West Virginia bituminous coal (Bakerstown, WVGS 13407)
was hydrogenated and then deashed by extraction in N-methyl pyrrolidone to produce a
pitch material for trial use as a binder. Hydrogenations were conducted for two hours at
450 C in batch reactors. Reactions were repeated until sufficient coal-derived binder was
made to fulfill the objectives of the project. The pitch-like product had a Mettler
softening point of 112.2 C, toluene insoluble content of 32.7wt%, coking value of
50.3wt%, ash content of 0.2wt%, and a density of 1.25g/cm3. These characteristics are
found within the range of values for commercial binder pitches. Also, the WVU coal-
derived binder contained less carbon and more hydrogen than a conventional coal-tar
binder pitch with a carbon-to-hydrogen atomic ratio of 1.21 and 1.81, respectively. A
Pennsylvania anthracite coal (LCNN) was calcined to between 1,315 and 1,4270C.
Following calcination, the anthracite was milled to an average particle size of 27.4 m,
with a median particle size of 23.3 m. The coal-extract binder and calcined anthracite
were mixed, milled, and isostatically molded up to 20,000psi into 5 x 5 x 12 inch billets.
The billets were baked to 950 C and then graphitized inductively to 2,700 C. The green,
baked, and graphitized billets were tested following standard industrial practice.
Graphite made from calcined petroleum coke and coal-tar binder pitch was used as
controls. The results of this work demonstrate that synthetic graphite is possible based on
feed materials entirely from coal. In many respects the overall characteristics of the coal-
based graphites did not meet or exceed the corresponding products made from
conventional feeds, vis-a-vis, petroleum coke and coal tar pitch. The results indicate that
considerable improvements to the coal-based materials might be possible especially as
they relate to the development of increased density starting with the green state and
ending at the graphitization stage.12
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Andresen, John M. CREAT A CONSORTIUM AND DEVELOP PREMIUM CARBON PRODUCTS FROM COAL, report, August 1, 2003; [University Park, Pennsylvania]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc777010/m1/11/: accessed May 6, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.