Pollution Prevention and Best Management Practices Plan for State Waste Discharge Permits ST-4508 - ST-4509 and ST-4510 Page: 13 of 38
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DOE/RL-97-67, Rev. 3
0112000
5.1 AIR COMPRESSORS
Air compressors are used to provide compressed air to equipment and/or systems. Many types of
compressors use a water-filled cooling jacket to cool the system. The water discharged from the cooling
jacket becomes a wastewater stream. As the air is cooled by the cooling system, the water vapor is
condensed. A trap located at a receiver tank collects the condensed water and periodically discharges the
water as blowdown.
The source water used for the cooling jacket is potable water, This system is usually a once-through,
non-contact system. The wastewater generated is the same type of water as the source water, because the
cooling systems are separated from the mechanical parts of the compressor.
5.2 ENGINES
Engines are used to provide emergency backup for electrical or steam driven systems in case of
emergency or operational failure of the primary systems. Cooling is essential to diesel-fueled systems
and a water cooling system is used to cool the engine. The cooling system is a once-through, non-
contact system that separates the water from the mechanical parts of the engine; therefore, contamination
of the wastewater does not occur.
5.3 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING
Wastewater streams are produced by equipment and/or individual systems within a heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC) system, such as heating system stream traps, air conditioning cooling coils
and heat exchangers, evaporative overflow, and ventilation stack demisters.
5.3.1 Heating System
Many of the facilities use steam or steam jackets as a heat source to maintain constant temperature for
building heat or for heating tank systems. As the steam travels through the piping, from the boiler into
the facility, contact with the cooler pipe and/or equipment surfaces allows the steam to condense. The
condensate is discharged from the system through manual blowdown valves during startup, to quickly
fill a heater with steam. The steam trap valve is activated at a predetermined pressure setting, which
releases, discharging the condensate in the trap.
5.3.2 Air Conditioning
Air conditioning systems cool building air through the use of a compressor and a heat exchanger to cool
incoming air. The operation of the compressor generates large amounts of heat, which is dissipated from
the system using a once-through, non-contact, water-cooled heat exchanger, or an air-cooled heat
exchanger. As the temperature drops, condensate is formed, collected, and discharged from the system.
5.3.3 Evaporative Cooling
Another air conditioning system that creates a cooling water stream is an evaporative cooling system.
Evaporative cooling uses the cooling effect of evaporating water to cool a recirculating water stream.>1202.0949
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WILLIAMS, J.F. Pollution Prevention and Best Management Practices Plan for State Waste Discharge Permits ST-4508 - ST-4509 and ST-4510, report, January 1, 2000; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743052/m1/13/: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.