Analysis of the implications of the USSR providing reprocessing and MOX fabrication services to other countries Page: 6 of 12
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U.S. Government.
from a legal standpoint, U.S. special nuclear material could only be
transferred to the USSR for reprocessing or any other purpose
pursuant to an agreement for cooperation concluded pursuant to
Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act.** While the Soviets have
expressed an interest (to DOE Deputy Secretary Moore), in concluding
a civil nuclear agreement with the United States, none is now in force
and the conclusion of such an agreement could prove to be a time-
consuming and possibly controversial affair. Until such an agreement
comes into effect, no U.S. origin spent fuel could readily be sent to the
USSR for reprocessing either from U.S. utilities or (if the material is
subject to U.S. controls and consent rights) from third countries (like
Japan) with whom we have agreements for cooperation. Approval by
the President would be required following which the Agreement would
have to rest before the Congress for 90 days before coming into effect.
There would likely be close Congressional scrutiny of such a proposed
nuclear agreement with the USSR, including an examination of such
questions as to whether it is prudent to move in this direction given the
current state of disarray in the USSR, whether the shipment of U.S.
spent fuel to the USSR would seriously undercut the U.S. geologic
waste repository program (which it well might), and whether the
controls over the separated plutonium in the USSR pending its return
to the U.S. would be adequate. The agreement also might be attacked
by those elements in the Congress who have claimed that the Soviets
have been "dumping" enriched uranium into the U.S. market at
"This assumes that neither the U.S. nor the USSR would find it very practicable to
employ the U.S. Agreement for Cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency
as a vehicle for transferring U.S. spent fuel to the USSR since presumably such transfers
would have to be approved by the IAEA Board of Governors on a project-by-project basis.3
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Analysis of the implications of the USSR providing reprocessing and MOX fabrication services to other countries, report, December 31, 1994; New Mexico. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc668117/m1/6/: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.