Smoking Characteristics of Various Fuels as Determined by Open-Cup and Laboratory-Burner Smoke Tests Page: 4 of 17
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HIAC MR o a. 35120, 35112
Each of 21 fuels including representative hydrocarbon of
paraffinia, cycloparaffinic, olefinic, aromatic, and dicyclio
classes was tested for smoking tendency at various fuel-air
ration. -Smoke particle is v wa n6t m aWniured in these tests.
DISCUSSION OF ZSULTS
Open-oup test. - The rosults of the open-cup smoke tests
are presented in table I. Smoke is reported as percentage light
absorbed. Total smoke from a 3-milliliter sample was determined
by measuring the area under the curve traced by the recording
microamneter. Values of average emoke were computed by dividing
the total smoke by the burning time. Values of peak smoke were
obtained by visually averaging the deflections in the highest
portion of the curve.
The data in table I sho. that, with the exception of the
cycloparaffins, the fuels of a given hydrocarbon class gve
readings within a range of 8 percent light absorbed and that
the armatics gave higher readings than the other classes. The
greater smoking tondency of the aromatic can be further shown
by the tests on kerosene and dearoatized kerosene. Kerosene
gave a peak value of 21 percent light absorbed sn compared with
5 percent for doaromatized kerosene.
In order to ascertain the effect of burning rate on the
smoking tendency, average smoke ( percentage light absorbed)
wne plotted against burning rate (Gr ies per min) in figure 4.
Both test run and check run for each fuel are plotted. The
five-carbon ring cycloparaffins are not sho-m in this figxrc
bedaeo data were obtained for only two comnrounds in this sorice.
It can be seen in table I that considerable difference in
smoking tendency was found between the five-carbon ring and the
six-carbon ring cycloparaffins. The fuels tested (fig. 4) show
that tho type of hydrocarbon exerts a much greater influence
on the smoking tendency than does the burning rate of the fuel.
Figure 5 shows the variation of the burning rate of the
fuels with boiling point. As in figure 4 both test and check
runs are plotted. For the fuels tested, the burning rate of hy-
drocarbons within a given clcae decreased with increasing
boiling point. It is of interest that two fuels of different
classes with different boiling points will burn at thu same rate;
for example, from the curves of figure 5, a paraffinto hydro-
oarbon with a boiling point of 176 Fwill burn at approximately3
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Ebersole, Earl R. & Barnett, Henry C. Smoking Characteristics of Various Fuels as Determined by Open-Cup and Laboratory-Burner Smoke Tests, report, {1945-06,1945-09}; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc62548/m1/4/: accessed May 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.