Surface Studies of Nuclear Waste Glasses Page: 2 of 7
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SE M/E DX
IR R S
RBS
AESIESCAS EM Q
WAXD
Solution
Analyses
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SIMS
(dynamic)Q15
Bul k Waste Glass
Precip stated
L ayers
hteradion
ZonesFigure 1. Analytical Tools Used for Integrated Study Approach of Leached Glasses
Surface Layers
Surface layers have been observed on a wide array of nuclear glass systems and under a wide range of
conditions. These layers are generally complex and often, contain a variety of crystalline and non-crystalline
phases as well as a series of sublayers, which can be characterized and more fully understood using the
integrated study approach. The chemistry, morphology, density and general characteristics of the layers are
a strong function of the chemistry of the glass and leaching conditions. The leached glass surface layers can
be very important as protective layers, resulting in an already durable glass product exhibiting improved
durability with time. While some systems exhibit significant benefits of protective surface layers under
specific conditions, other systems and other conditions can produce surface layers that provide much less
protection to the glass underneath and in some cases, no protection at all. Surface layers observed in various
nuclear waste glass systems all fall within the 5 cases as defined and described by Hench [6]. In Figure 2,
surface layers representative of U.S. waste glasses leached under selected conditions are summarized [7].SIMS
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Wicks, G. G. Surface Studies of Nuclear Waste Glasses, article, August 20, 1999; South Carolina. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc623169/m1/2/: accessed May 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.