Performance of four experimental high btu-per-gallon fuels in a single turbojet combustor Page: 3 of 29
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NACA RM E55H10
hydrocarbon fuels that are available in large quantities, an increase
in energy content per unit volume is accompanied by a decrease in
energy content per unit weight. The relative importance of volume and
weight of the fuel load to aircraft performance will therefore deter-
mine the required compromise in heating values.
Aircraft that are being developed for high-speed flight may, in
some applications, be volume limited; that is, because of external drag,
the volume of the aircraft components may be more critical than their
weight. In such cases it would be desirable to use fuels with high-
volumetric-energy contents. Three hydrocarbon fuels having high-volu-
metric-energy contents were tested in a single turbojet combustor (ref.
1); they gave reduced combustion efficiency, poorer altitude ignition
characteristics, and increased carbon deposits, compared with conven-
tional jet fuel. These fuels were pure hydrocarbons that would not be
available in sufficient quantities for large-scale use.
The Wright Air Development-Center procured three high-volumetric-
energy-content fuel blends having greatly improved potential avail-
abilities. The volumetric-energy contents of these fuels were from
10 to 18 percent greater than MIL-F-5624B, grade JP-4 fuel. Combustion
performance investigations with these fuels and with a No. 2 furnace
oil having a 9-percent-higher volumetric-energy content than JP-4 fuel
were conducted at the-NACA Lewis laboratory in a single tubular turbo-
jet combustor. The results are presented herein. Combustion effi-
ciencies were determined at inlet-air conditions simulating operation
in a 5-pressure-ratio engine at 56,000-foot altitude, 85-percent rated
engine speed, and 0.6 flight Mach number. Combustor carbon deposits
were measured at the following two simulated engine operating condi-
tions: (I) 4-pressure-ratio engine, 90-percent rated engine speed,
20,000-foot altitude, and zero flight Mach number; and (II) 7-pressure-
ratio engine, rated engine speed, sea level, and 0.87 flight Mach num-
ber. Limited data-obtained with a fuel additive that reduced deposits
of fuels in previous tests are reported. In addition to combustion-
chamber deposits, exhaust-gas smoke concentrations were measured at
condition I.
The data obtained with the four experimental fuels are compared
with similar data obtained with NIL-F-5624B, grades JP-4 and JP-5 fuels.
FUELS
The fuels tested included experimental bigh-Btu-per-gallon fuels
A, B, and F54-19 procured by the Wright Air Development Center, a No. 2
furnace oil used at the Lewis laboratory for carbon-deposit studies,
two JP-4 fuels, and two JP-5 fuels.
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Jonash, Edmund R.; Metzler, Allen J. & Butze, Helmut F. Performance of four experimental high btu-per-gallon fuels in a single turbojet combustor, report, November 3, 1955; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc61951/m1/3/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.