An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility Page: 27
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27
aggregate data while attempting to better understand fertil-
ity and related factors.
Review of the Relationship Between Female
Labor-Force Participation and Fertility
Several studies have focused on factors related to
female labor-force participation. In these studies, the pri-
mary objective has been to conduct an intensive study of
women in the market place. Factors that are conceptually
and statistically important are marital status, age of female,
and number of children. Juanita Kreps (21) and Valerie Kincaid
Oppenheimer (25) have both provided statements of these rela-
tionships.
Within the context of an economic framework, two vari-
ables appear significant. "Two extremely important factors
affecting a woman's propensity to work are her marital status
and her fertility" (25, p. 946). If a population is charac-
terized by a high percentage of single women, there will be
a high percentage of women in the labor force. If a popula-
tion is characterized by a high percentage of children under
six years of age, there will be a lower percentage of women
in the labor force, since women tend not to work when their
children are in this age category.
The work of Juanita Kreps supports Oppenheimer's study.
Kreps' (21) study also utilizes an economic framework. Mari-
tal status and fertility are highly correlated with female
labor-force participation. As in Oppenheimer's study, there
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Ross, Patricia A. An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility, dissertation, May 1977; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330883/m1/36/?rotate=270: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .