An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility Page: 19
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19
several researchers—Davis (13, pp. 309-333) and Ford and
DeJong (15)—have provided objectives and guidelines for
this emerging perspective.
In reviewing the literature, one finds that the early
demographic work provides a general direction for current
research. Demographic studies are often criticized by be-
ing "short on theory" and "long on method." Perhaps this
criticism is based on the nature of early demographic work.
John Graunt has often been described as the father of
demography, and his approach was mathematically oriented as
he used various records to calculate estimates and projec-
tions of the British population. Thomas Malthus, on the
other hand, provided more of a social—problem approach to
studying population, and Karl Marx took the position that
overpopulation is an inherent characteristic of capitalistic
societies. Studies utilizing Graunt's approach lead to
mathematical demography; studies utilizing Malthus' approach
lead to social demography; and the Marxian perspective
assumes that overpopulation is related to unemployment rates
(1, pp. 7-12).
The starting point for the Malthusian-Marxist debate
began in 1798 when Essays on Population was published.
Actually, the classical issues clearly arise out of a larger
controversy over national social policy" (1, p. 5). Malthus
was reacting to two trends that dominated the social thought
of his day, mercantilism and social utopianism. He realized
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Ross, Patricia A. An Investigation of the Relationship Among Occupational Opportunities for Women, Marriage, and Fertility, dissertation, May 1977; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330883/m1/28/?rotate=90: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .