Genetics Lecture and Laboratory Syllabus for a Junior-Level Course Page: 58
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58
2. It soon became clear that heredity and development were dependent on the
"information" contained within these chromosomes.
V. Basic Concepts of Genetics
A. Genetics is the branch of biology concerned with heredity and variation.
B. There are two kinds of cells, eukaryotic, which are found in animal cells, and
prokaryotic, which are found in bacteria.
1. A Nucleus is present in a eukaryotic cell, and is where the chromosomes are
kept.
2. The Nucleoid region is found in a prokaryotic cell, and is where the genetic
material is found, but it is not enclosed like the eukaryotic genetic information.
3. The genetic material of a virus, is located in a protein coat.
4. In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, DNA stores genetic information.
5. Viruses have either DNA or RNA to serve this function.
6. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.
a. It is double stranded (usually).
b. And it is in the form of a double helix.
7. RNA is ribonucleic acid
a. It is single stranded.
b. There are three main types of RNA, mRN A, rRN A, and tRNA.
8. Genes are defined as the functional unit of heredity.
a. They are the informational storage unit.
b. The functions of genes include replication, mutation, and expression.
9. Viruses and bacteria usually only have a single chromosome, whereas
eukaryotes have many.
a. Chromosomes are tightly coiled and condensed, but very long.
b. Chromosomes replicate in the processes known as mitosis and meiosis (Ch.
2).
c. Chromatin uncoils during interphase where it can be studied under an
electron microscope.
10. There are some exceptions, but most eukaryotes have the Diploid Number (2n)
of chromosomes in each somatic cell.
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Harper, Kasey. Genetics Lecture and Laboratory Syllabus for a Junior-Level Course, thesis, August 1999; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278031/m1/61/?q=food+rule+for+unt+students: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .