Westernization as Lingua Franca: Historical and Discursive Patterns of Hegemony in Global Higher Education Page: 58
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the goal of this study was not to establish causality, the within-case component of this
methodology helped in determining possible direction of causation to include "the potential of an
elective affinity - a situation where two factors simultaneously promote one another" (Lange,
2013, p. 71).
Historical/Within-Case Design
The first component of this methodology is the historical analysis, which represents the
within-case temporal analysis of processes over time. The unit of analysis for this component
was scholarly literature covering the regions from which the selected regional higher education
organizations of this study belong. This includes Africa, Europe, and Latin America.
Three independent inquiries were conducted, one for each region, starting from the pre-
colonial period, though with much of the literature starting in the 20th century, and carrying
forward to the present year. Once the inquiries were completed, they were merged into separate
narratives with each timeline running parallel to reveal commonalities amongst historical nodes
as well as shifts that distinguish the region.
Comparative Method: Critical Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis, particularly through a critical lens, understands language as being
ideologically laden with close relations to social phenomena. Existing as both a "normative andexplanatory critique," this analysis describes and evaluates realities in relation to socially-held
values, as well as explains said realities as products of societal "structures or mechanisms"
(Fairclough, 2012, p. 9). Organizations, notably with varying intentions, compete in arenas for
the dominance of discourse to obtain influence over outcomes (Maguire & Hardy, 2006), such as
global education in this case. The legitimization of a system or process stems in part from its
prevalence and perpetuation through discursive channels that extend to the masses for uptake and58
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Moore, Mallory Carson. Westernization as Lingua Franca: Historical and Discursive Patterns of Hegemony in Global Higher Education, dissertation, May 2024; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2332627/m1/67/?rotate=180: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .