Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach Page: 1
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The term "narcissism" is derived from the mythological tale of Narcissus. According to
the Roman poet Ovid, Narcissus was an exceptionally handsome youth who was punished by the
goddess Nemesis after rejecting the nymph Echo. Narcissus was cursed to fall in love with his
own reflection in a pool of water, where he pined away until he died (History Today, 2018).
Thus the term "narcissism" is colloquially used to describe an individual who appears to have an
unrealistically inflated sense of self-worth and self-esteem, to the point of appearing to be in love
with themselves. The term was first coined in 1899 by German psychiatrist Paul Nacke, who
used it to describe a person treating their own body the way they would treat a sexual object
(Freud, 1914). Discussion and debate regarding how narcissism manifests in individuals and how
other people relate to and experience these individuals have become very common online and in
popular media over the past few years.
One possible explanation for the proliferation of narcissism in everyday life and
discussion centers around celebrity culture and technological innovation. In 2006 celebrity
physician and media personality Dr. Drew Pinsky published a study demonstrating a link
between celebrity and narcissism. 200 celebrities who had appeared on Pinsky's radio show
completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall, 1979) and were found tohave higher levels of narcissistic traits compared to the general population (Young & Pinsky,
2006). Interestingly, the celebrities exhibiting the highest scores on the NPI were those on reality
television (Young & Pinsky, 2006), i.e., celebrities famous for high levels of exhibitionism and
putting their personal lives on display for the world to see. The veneration of celebrities who
exhibit narcissistic qualities has been blamed for the proliferation of narcissism in the general1
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Sanders, Courtney. Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach, dissertation, July 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178811/m1/8/?q=technical+manual: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .