Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach Page: 68
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relationship between vulnerable narcissism and psychological abuse victimization is limited; the
overwhelming majority of research examining the relationship between narcissism and
psychological abuse focuses on the role of narcissistic individuals as perpetrators.
Regarding vulnerably narcissistic individuals as victims of abuse, Keene and Epps (2016)
found that childhood experiences with physical abuse were associated with vulnerably
narcissistic characteristics in emerging adulthood. Additionally, Van Buren and Meehan (2015)
found that childhood experiences with maltreatment in general (i.e., no differentiation between
forms of abuse) was associated with vulnerable narcissism as well. Although research on this
topic may be limited, it appears that there is more literature exploring the relationship between
vulnerable narcissism and abuse victimization in the opposite direction of my hypothesis. While
I hypothesized that vulnerable narcissism would result in fewer experiences with psychological
abuse victimization, it seems more likely that experiences with psychological abuse victimization
would result in the development of vulnerably narcissistic characteristics. While my finding was
nonsignificant, existing literature supports theories describing the development of vulnerable
narcissism as a defense against inadequate early relationships, such as those involving abusive or
neglectful parents.
Interestingly, hostile attributional biases and envy of others did add unique variance to
the regression model. As previously discussed, the significant influence of hostile attributionalbiases may be related to the reciprocity present in aggressive relationships as evidenced by the
significant relationship between psychological abuse perpetration and psychological abuse
victimization in my sample. Envy, however, may be a consequence of psychological abuse
victimization as well as a core component of vulnerable narcissism, adding much of the variance
on its own that would have been added by vulnerable narcissism. Xiang et al. (2018) found that68
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Sanders, Courtney. Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach, dissertation, July 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178811/m1/75/?q=technical+manual: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .