Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach Page: 66
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individuals exhibiting hostile attributional biases view other people as threatening. These
cognitive biases lead these individuals to act antagonistically toward others in order to both
defend against perceived attacks and exact revenge against those attacking them.
My fifth hypothesis was not supported, as grandiose narcissism did not predict significant
unique variance in psychological abuse victimization over and above the variables identified in
hypothesis 1 (domineering behaviors, impaired cognitive and affective empathy, hostile
attributional biases) and was not negatively associated with psychological abuse victimization.
This finding is contrary to my expectations but may be consistent with some existing literature.
For instance, Afifi et al. (2011) found that childhood experiences with abuse and neglect,
including psychological abuse, were associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Antisocial
Personality Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. The criteria for Narcissistic
Personality Disorder are most consistent with the conceptualization of grandiose narcissism, and
these three personality disorders share a common feature of turbulent, melodramatic interactions
and behavior (Afifi et al., 2011). The associations between childhood maltreatment and these
particular personality disorders lends credence to the assertion that unsatisfactory connections
with parental figures in childhood leads to difficulty regulating emotions effectively and
maintaining healthy relationships. Additionally, Kernberg's (1975) description of the parents of
narcissistic individuals as hostile, emotionally unavailable, and possibly exploitative implies thatnarcissistic individuals were modeled inappropriate emotional and social behaviors early on.
This modeling, combined with the development of narcissism as a defense mechanism, sets the
stage for the development of problematic social behaviors and cognitions that result in
tumultuous relationships characterized by abuse. Additionally, it is also possible that the variance
that would have been added to the model by grandiose narcissism in step 3 was instead added by66
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Sanders, Courtney. Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach, dissertation, July 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178811/m1/73/?q=technical+manual: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .