Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach Page: 12
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grandiose narcissism is in contrast with vulnerable narcissism and, more broadly, narcissism as
described by the psychoanalytic tradition. Compared to individuals exhibiting other forms of
narcissism, grandiosely narcissistic individuals may be less influenced by social expectations
(e.g., the importance of emotional connections to others) and their relationships with other
people.
In interpersonal relationships, grandiosely narcissistic individuals tend to exhibit
behaviors that are hostile, argumentative, and distrusting of other people (Dickinson & Pincus,
2003). Miller et al. (2012) found that according to Leary's (1957) interpersonal circumplex
model, grandiosely narcissistic individuals more often exhibited behaviors associated with
establishing dominance versus bonding with others. They were also found to exhibit
interpersonal behaviors that were hostile, controlling, and lacking in warmth (Miller et al., 2012).
Interestingly, these individuals also reported themselves to be friendly and outgoing, to the point
of being overinvolved in the lives of others and exhibiting some dependent behaviors (Miller et
al., 2012). This contradiction suggests that grandiosely narcissistic individuals may not be aware
of how their behavior negatively impacts other people. It is also possible that the behaviors that
these individuals consider to be friendly and outgoing are actually a form of exhibitionism,
allowing these individuals to insert themselves into other people's lives in order to gain the
praise and admiration that they desire.Vulnerable Narcissism
Similar to grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism is also characterized by an inflated
sense of superiority, but with one large caveat: a vulnerably narcissistic individual's
unrealistically high self-esteem masks underlying feelings of inferiority and emotional instability
(Miller et al., 2011). In this sense, vulnerable narcissism is more consistent with the theorizations12
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Sanders, Courtney. Differences in Socio-Cognitive Processes among Individuals Exhibiting Characteristics of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Multimethod Approach, dissertation, July 2023; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178811/m1/19/?q=technical+manual: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .