The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas Page: 2
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Mophological data
Locality
O Beagle Channel
Diego Ramirez
Navarino0 503
...
5054
1413\0 600
KmB.
3
'2mtDNA data
Region
CNS
DIERAM
NAVHOR
o PATAG3'
* 2
6 3
7
8 8
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Aphrastura subantarctica
Aphrastura spinicauda
Figure 1. Study areas for the morphological and genetic characterization of Aphrastura spinicauda and A.
subantarctica. The distribution range of the nominal species is shown in light green, and the new taxonomic
group from the Diego Ramirez Archipelago in light blue. (A) Sampling sites for morphology. (B) Sampling sites
for mtDNA. (C) Sampling sites for microsatellite markers. The numbers correspond to the sample size. The
names of the colored sites follow the methods description, and Tables 1 and 2. Bird illustrations by Mauricio
Alvarez Abel.
and Argentina'-7. Its northernmost population is found in the evergreen relict forest of Fray Jorge National Park
(30 30' S), whilst its southerly population reaches the world's southernmost forests in the Cape Horn Biosphere
Reserve (CHBR) (56 S)7. However, a putative population of A. spinicauda also occurs on the Diego Ramirez
Archipelago (hereafter Diego Ramirez) (56 32' S)8-1 (Fig. 1). Whether this population differs morphologically,
ecologically, and genetically from its continental relatives remains unexplored.
The Diego Ramirez is the southernmost point of the South American continent. While emerging only ca.
100 km southwest of Cape Horn on the margin of the continental shelf, it is separated from it by one of the
world's roughest seas in the northern section of the Drake Passage, with harsh climatic conditions and difficult
access from the continent". The archipelago of small islets, rocks, and reefs provides a total land area of only 79
hectares12. The strong barrier to dispersal and the small size likely severely limit effective population migration
to Diego Ramirez, thereby promoting the emergence of a fauna with zoogeographic novelties'. Their terrestrial
avifauna is mainly limited to breeding seabirds, but despite the complete absence of woody plants (Fig. 2), it
also includes passerines9, such as a resident population of Aphrastura spinicauda4. This population is currently
considered to be conspecific with populations from the mainland (i.e., hereafter, we refer to them as Aphrastura
populations from either the continent or Diego Ramirez). The geographic isolation and entirely herbaceous veg-
etation of Diego Ramirez raises the question whether its Aphrastura population constitutes a different taxonomichttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17985-4
C
Microsat. data
Locality
0Bariloche
0 Diego Ramirez
40 Q Manquehue
SNavarino
o Tierra del Fuego
40
3
24
4030`S
40S
50SBartolome Island
Gonzalo Islanc`Z7,1
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Scientific Reports (2022) -12:13957
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Rozzi, Ricardo, 1960-; Quilodrán, Claudio S.; Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban; Napolitano, Constanza; Torres-Mura, Juan C.; Barroso, Omar et al. The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas, article, August 26, 2022; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178792/m1/2/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT College of Science.