The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas Page: 12
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common swift (Apus apus) and pallid swift (A. pallidus)78, as well as the greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga)
and lesser spotted eagle (C. pomarine)79, among others (see80).
Concluding remarks
We propose A. subantartica as a new species. The genetic, morphological, and ecological divergence of this
population, which may have resulted from isolation on an island with a distinct habitat, is probably an ongoing
evolutionary process. Because of the small size of the Diego Ramirez islands and the potential arrival of exotic
mammal predators, it is pressing to protect this new endemic species from extinction. The Diego Ramirez
Archipelago encompasses the southernmost extreme islands of the American continent and is free of invasive
alien species. Measures should be put into place to keep exotic mammals, such as rats (Rattus rattus), domestic
cats (Felis catus), and American minks (Neovison vison)-which are all present on other islands of the Cape
Horn Biosphere Reserve24,81-off the Diego Ramirez islands. In particular, the rapid expansion of the American
mink has impacted bird populations on other subantarctic islands that have evolved in the absence of terrestrial
mammal predators2,83. Collaboration between the scientific community and other institutions, in particular the
Chilean Navy, which has been regularly present on this archipelago since the establishment of the lighthouse on
Gonzalo island in 1951, is critical for the success of scientific long-term monitoring and conservation programs.
In 2019, the Diego Ramirez-Drake Passage Marine Park was created by the Chilean government to protect one
of the few archipelagos that is still free from the arrival of exotic species worldwide12. The description of A.
subantarctica is also an appeal to the community to protect not only a population of a new species, but also to
protect a remote natural laboratory that represents an opportunity to preserve the diversity of nature and its
ecological and evolutionary processes.
Data availability
The dataset used in the analysis is publicly available on zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6983420.
Received: 4 November 2021; Accepted: 3 August 2022
Published online: 26 August 2022
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Rozzi, Ricardo, 1960-; Quilodrán, Claudio S.; Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban; Napolitano, Constanza; Torres-Mura, Juan C.; Barroso, Omar et al. The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas, article, August 26, 2022; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2178792/m1/12/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT College of Science.