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compromising privacy and data confidentiality challenging. In July 2018, the U.S. National
Academies of Sciences (NAS) released a consensus report titled "Open Science by Design:
Realizing a Vision for 21' Century Research," which lays out a vision for a fully-open global
science environment, and provides the following five specific recommendations for moving from
vision to implementation:
1. Research Institutions and Funders to work to create a culture that actively supports Open
Science by better rewarding and supporting researchers engaged in Open Science
2. Research Institutions and other entities to support the development of educational and
training programs to support students and researchers in adopting Open Science practices
3. Research Funders and institutions to develop policies/procedures to identify research
outputs for long term preservation and public access, and funding to be made available to
support these activities
4. Funders and institutions to ensure that research archives are designed and implemented
according to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles
5. The Research Community to work together to advance Open Science By Design in order
to advance science and help science better serve the needs of society.
THE PROMISE AND SECURITY CHALLENGES OF OPEN ACCESS BIG DATAThe term "big data" increasingly refers to the use of advanced data analytics methods that extract
value from data. According to the 2018 Thales Data Threat Report, compared to traditional
relational databases, the data generated and stored within big data environments can be orders of
magnitude larger, less homogeneous, and change rapidly. There are a number of concepts
associated with big data, including the three top attributes what are often referred to as the
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Alemneh, Daniel Gelaw & Helge, Kris. Providing Open Access to Heterogeneous Information Resources without Compromising Privacy and Data Confidentiality, chapter, 2020; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2143871/m1/4/?rotate=90: accessed June 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .