Investigating the Effects of Traffic-Generated Air-Pollution on the Microbiome and Immune Responses in Lungs of Wildtype Mice Page: 88
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or the expansion of gram-negative Proteobacteria may stimulate TLR expression. Proteobacteria's
expansion could be directly linked to the presence of oxidative products within the lungs in
response to DEP exposure. Peroxynitrite formed as a result of ROS+RNS decomposes to release
nitrates within inflammatory environments. Presence of extracellular nitrates aids in the anaerobic
respiration of certain bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. Nitrate reductase activity is
crucial for the utilization of nitrates that are generated in excess in inflammatory environments. To
determine the nitrate-reducing activity, a study was done to compare the genomes of bacterial
phyla. The results showed that bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum had the highest
nitrate reductase activity (Winter and Baumler, 2014). These metabolic capabilities are restricted
to only members of the Proteobacteria phyla since Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, the major
commensals in the GI tract in the absence of inflammation, have negligible nitrate reductase
activities (Figure 4.5).. tp
0103
Other
Figure 4.5: Nitrate reductase activity in gastrointestinal
2014)Phyla
(inner circle)
Bacteroidetes
Firmicutes
Actinobacteria Ubiquitous phyla
" Proteobacteria
Fusobacteria
Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Cyanobacteria
Chlamydiae
Verrucomicrobia
Rare phyla
Spirochaetes
Acidobacteria
Tenericutes
Planctomycetes
Thermotogae
Fraction of nitrate reductase-
encoding genomes (outer circle)
0% 50% 100%
bacterial genomes (Winter and Biumler,88
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Daniel, Sarah. Investigating the Effects of Traffic-Generated Air-Pollution on the Microbiome and Immune Responses in Lungs of Wildtype Mice, dissertation, December 2020; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752346/m1/100/?q=j+w+gardner: accessed July 6, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .