Goethe Settings By Johann Friedrich Reichardt and Carl Friedrich Zelter: Text, Music and Performance Possibilities: Searching Inside

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... Mozart, "musical talent may well be the first to show itself, because music is something altogether... These are not the words of someone who has no interest in or inkling of the significance of music. Goethe's musicality... was not just the extra-literary pursuit of a dilettante for he believed strongly that music and poetry should... to music better than do the paradoxes of the man. For Goethe, sound and word had to fuse... into an inseparable whole, in the Greek sense. The poets of Hellas never sundered the two, and for Goethe music flowed

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... Carl Friedrich Zelter". In The Arts Entwined. Music and Painting in the Nineteenth Century", 47-61.... New York: General Music Publishing Co. 2000. Dieter, Martin. "Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Zelter.... "Schubert and Vogel: A Reapprasisal". 19th Century Music 111/2, (November 1979): 126-40. Garratt, James. "A... Review of Music and German National Identity". Music and Letters 85 (2004): 285-295. Gibbs, Christopher.... "Kom, geh mit mir": Schubert's Uncanny Erlkonig," 19th-Century Music, 19/2 (Autumn, 1995): 115-135

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... and improvisatory singing and had the capacity to employ a great variety of ornamentation choices based on the music... and these revolved around enlightened ideals of discernment and le bon goit.77 C. P.E. Bach believed the music being... to the more subdued and prescribed ornaments now being written into the music by the German composers.78 All... in all circumstances and genres of music, without which the music would be lacking in communicative power... to be keenly felt. Gluck, feeling that music should reflect textual meaning, worked to foster an atmosphere

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... Rosenblum, Sandra. "Performance Practices in Classical Piano Music: Their Principles... and Applicatio Schroeder, David, P. "Haydn and Gellert: Parallels in Eighteenth-Century Music and Literature... Style". Early Music. 25, no. 4, (November 1997): 702-714. Walther, Salmen. "Johann Friedrich Reichardt... Reception of Goethe's Texts set to music by Johann Friedrich Reichardt] Musik in Goethes Werk-Goethes Werk... Eighteenth-Century as a Musico-Historical Period". Cambridge Journals/"18th. C Music" 1, (2004): 47-60. Dictionaries

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... CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The connection between text, music, and performance in the lieder... complicated idioms of the late Baroque. Highly contrapuntal texted music, namely opera seria, oratorio..., concerted church music and the solo cantata began to lose its preeminence as new instrumental forms emerged...) mainly used to describe some music of the fourteenth-century. However, the term does not appear in French..., Italian or English writings about eighteenth-century music. Some Germans used the term to denote music

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... educational institutions dedicated to the teaching of music for the school, community and church. These were... that in the previous thirty years, Zelter had long championed Bach's music and had given these works to Mendelssohn... a man of letters. His ideas and opinions were set forth in his autobiography, many music reviews... and critiques, as well as public addresses for learned societies on the art of music and the need for music..., personal issues and the position of the lied among the other genres of music and the arts. Through

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... of his songs, some on Goethe texts, for Goethe and Schiller who was also present. Evidently his music... with my poems; the music simply carries them into the air, like gas does a balloon. With other composers...." 49 In some of his correspondence, Zelter states attitudes reflecting a general conservatism in music... of these musical genres and he actively participated through composing music, namely lieder, which not only... dramatic works or instrumental music of any consequence. He is mainly remembered as a church music

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... major works and have contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the primacy of either text or music... for the music to serve as a sort of vocal persona which completes the poetry. Some of the most significant... of nationalism and "serious" music of the early nineteenth-century is a fascinating exploration of the emerging... German identity and its extent in the conception, composition, and reception of the music of this period.... Walther Salmen published several important articles on the music, text settings, and reception histories

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.... Consequently, the rhetorical idea of music resembling speech was far from dead. The reforms of Gluck did not do... away with the ideal of text-centered music and its accompanying idiomatic vocal flourishes... is thus simplest to survey Classical vocal style in the context in which it was taught: Italian music... in ways that showed them at 54 Will Crutchfield, "Classical Music: Voices," Performance Practice: Music

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.... The various ornamental figures were divided into two basic types, those written in the music as small notes... performed them whether or not they were written in the music. There was some amount of confusion.... There were more examples of this in German music due to the nature of the language which seemed to have fewer... Music, Vol. 3, No. 2, (November, 1979), 127. 82 For a fuller discussion of feminine line endings... and the prosodic appoggiatura, see Will Crutchfield in "Voices" in Performance Practice: Music After 1600 by Howard

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... of place should the text suggest them; and the music functions on its own, even if the tone....) as well as the music alludes to a howling winter's snowstorm as analogous to the restlessness of love... reflective and corresponds to rhythmic changes in order to paint 117 Stephanie Campbell, "Seeing Music... Entwined:Music and Painting in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Marsha L. Morton and Peter L. Schmunk (New York

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...: W.W. Norton & Company, 1960. Taruskin, Richard. "Music in the Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History... of Western Music, Vol. 3, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Taruskin, Richard. Text and Act. Essays... on Music and Performance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Todd, Larry R. Fanny Hensel. The Other... Mendelssohn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Treitler, Leo. Strunk's Source Readings in Music History..., vol. 5. Kassel, 1964. Seaton, Douglass. A Composition Course with Karl Friedrich Zelter, College Music

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... Music: Voices" in Performance Practice: Music After 1600, ed, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie (New... information, see Paul Childs, "Tourte" In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online..., http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/2823 lpg3 (accessed April 1, 2012). 42

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..., and intimate chamber music consisting of singer and keyboardist. Granted, the trend away from freely-improvised... embellishments toward those written into the music was well underway, especially in lieder singing. However... music-making by both amateurs and professionals to make of them whatever was possible. If "tasteful" yet... and performing the music of the time, then it seems natural the lieder of Reichardt and Zelter would have been

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... GOETHE SETTINGS BY JOHANN FRIEDRICH REICHARDT AND CARL FRIEDRICH ZELTER: TEXT, MUSIC..., Director of Graduate Studies in the College of Music James Scott, Dean of the College of Music Mark Wardell

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... was discussing his instrumental and keyboard music yet it was clear he thought of his music as "speech..." in that it was to communicate specific thoughts, ideas, and emotions. He went on to compare the best of his music to the "noble... that gave the greatest importance to the poetry and its proper setting. The music, on the other hand, lacked

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... works and it was here that the dynamic confluences of text and music flowed together to give birth..., literature, and music of the time. This tended to somewhat homogenize 25 Das Volk is a common term meaning.... 26 Celia Applegate, "How German Is It? Nationalism and the Idea of Serious Music in the Early... Nineteenth Century," 19th-Century Music, 21, No. 3 (1998) 285. 18

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... models."45 These were different from the Singspiel in that the music was not quasi-operatic, but consisted... of pre-existing poems set to new, more popular music. In these, Reichardt desired to create his own unique type... Lyrischen Gedichten mit Musik von Reichardt (Goethe's Lyrical Poems Set to Music by Reichardt). His settings... Frtihromantik (Munich: Henle, 2005) in Nineteenth-Century Music Review, vol. 6, 119. 30

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... that Zelter began to turn his attention away from his successful masonry business and toward music full-time... and instrumental music of previous eras. This was the first of many similar musical organizations which began... These larger organizations were involved in performances of choral music from many eras including the polyphony... contemporary choral works of the day. In 1809, Zelter was appointed professor of music at the Berlin Akademie

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... and meters. When compared to Reichardt stylistically, Zelter "allots a larger role to the music than... Music Online Oxford Music Online, http://wwwoxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music