Conductor Awareness of, Knowledge of, and Attitude Toward Sound Intensity Levels Generated During Ensemble-based Instructional Activities in College-level Schools of Music Page: 9
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Noise Exposure of Professional-Based Ensembles
Within professional contexts, the music industry's various specialties (e.g. choir,
wind symphony/band, and symphony orchestra, etc.) have documented independent
sound studies that warn against the risk of hearing loss, cite the exceedance of
recommended exposure levels, and highlight the need for hearing health promotion
among musicians playing in ensemble-based activities. Boasson et al. sampled 178 of
258 (69%) of the Dutch Ballet Orchestra (Haarlem, Netherlands) and concluded, "High
sound levels during short periods of time lead to temporary threshold shifts that
influence the working conditions of musicians in a negative way."42 McBride et al.
measured 63 of the 89 musicians (70%) of the Birmingham Symphony Orchestra
(United Kingdom) and discovered half of the rehearsal measurements (n = 5) produced
equivalent continuous sound exposure readings above 85dB.43 Using personal
dosimeters, Laitinien et al sampled rehearsals (individual and group) and performances
(N = 87) of the Finnish National Opera and reported, "apart from the double bass
players, all events exceeded the national action level of 85dB."44 Babin sampled 14
different productions of Broadway musicals in New York City and discovered "thirteen
performances (76%) with sound levels above those recommended by NIOSH for a four-
hour period...two shows exceeded the OSHA action level for two-hour exposure, and
three shows exceeded the OSHA ceiling limit (115 dBA)."45 Within choral singing, peak
42 A. Boasson, R.A. Metkemeijer and J.H. Granneman, "Sound Exposure of Musicians in a Pit
Orchestra: A One Year Study Survey During Rehearsals and Performances in the Netherlands Ballet
Orchestra," Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics 24, no. 4 (2002): 34.
43 David McBride et al., "Noise and the Classical Musician," British Medical Journal 305, no. 6868
(December 1992): 1561-1563.
44 Heli Laitinen et al., "Sound Exposure Among the Finnish National Opera Personnel," Applied
Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18, no. 3 (March 2003): 177-182.
45 Angela Babin, "Orchestra Pit Sound Level Measurements in Broadway Shows," Medical
Problems of Performing Artists 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 204.
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Albin, Aaron J. Conductor Awareness of, Knowledge of, and Attitude Toward Sound Intensity Levels Generated During Ensemble-based Instructional Activities in College-level Schools of Music, dissertation, August 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149559/m1/22/?q=music&rotate=270: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .