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An Adiabatic Motion Of Charged Particles In Electromagnetic Fields

Description: The guiding center motion and the adiabatic invariants of charged particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields are treated in this review. General and specific theories of charged particle motion are also reviewed.
Date: January 1961
Creator: Northrop, Theodore G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preparation of Thin, Self-supporting Copper Films

Description: A repeatable technique for preparation of thin, self-supporting copper films has been developed at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California. The process, done in a vacuum chamber, involves evaporation of copper by electron bombardment, and deposition of the copper on a detergent-coast glass substrate. The copper film is later removed from the substrate by immersion in water.
Date: January 5, 1961
Creator: Brunner, W. & Patton, H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Laboratory Measurement of the Mass and Size of the Copper Atom

Description: An easy experiment for undergraduate students to measure the mass and diameter of a copper atom can be performed with inexpensive apparatus normally available any college physics laboratory. By measuring the density and by copperplating, one can obtain results which are accurate to better than 5%.
Date: January 9, 1961
Creator: Sartain, Carl C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Response And Physical Properties Of NTA* Personnel Neutron Dosimeter Nuclear Track Film

Description: This paper reports the chemical and physical properties of the NTA film packet. It correlates with these properties the response of this packet to neutrons of various energies. In this correlation the concept of the track unit is introduced as a basic unit for reporting film-packet response.
Date: January 13, 1961
Creator: Lehman, Richard L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Decay-Energy Systematics Of The Heavy Elements

Description: Figures 1 and 2 summarize total decay energies for the four radioactive series. The alpha-decay energy obtained by measuring the energy of the alpha particle leading to the ground state includes the energy of the recoil nucleus. The curve shown in figure 3 defines in broad outline the conditions and regions of alpha instability. A great deal more is to be learned from a more detailed examination of the region where alpha radioactivity is prominent. Of great value to the experimentalist is that … more
Date: January 17, 1961
Creator: Perlman, Isadore & Asaro, Frank
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Bond Energies, Valence State Energies And Resonance¹,²

Description: Previous attempts to interpret chemical structure in terms of x-electron resonance have been recently criticized. A reinterpretation of the lengths of the C-C bonds in terms of orbital radii has not revealed any effects of x-electron resonance in the ground states of classical molecules such as 1, 3-butadiene, methyl acetylene, etc. Even in a non-classical molecule such as benzene, resonance shortening of the CC bond is only in terms of the strengths of the hybrid orbitals. If the lengths and f… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Somayajulu, G. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Bremsstrahlung

Description: An electron can suffer a very large acceleration in passing through the Coulomb field of a nucleus, and in this interaction the radiant energy (photons) lost by the electrons is called bremsstrahlung (also, bremsstrahlung sometimes designates the interaction itself). If an electron whose total energy [formula] traverses matter of atomic number Z, the electron loses energy chiefly by bremsstrahlung. This case is considered here.
Date: February 1961
Creator: Kenney, R. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Effects Of A Magnetic Field On Natural Convection In A Toroidal Channel

Description: The problem of the natural convection of an electrically and thermally conducting fluid within a long, narrow, vertical toroidal channel centered in a large block of an electrically and thermally conducting solid is analyzed. A uniform horizontal magnetic field is applied to the fluid, and the bottom of the solid block is maintained at a higher fixed temperature than the top. The laminar steady-state single-cell convective motion of the fluid is considered and an approximate solution is found f… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Concus, Paul
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Infrared Spectra Of Marginally Metallic Systems, Sodium-Ammonia Solutions

Description: The sodium-ammonia solution system permits investigation of an array of compositions spanning the transition from non-metallic to metallic bonding. Reflection spectra in the range 1-20 [ ] were measured for solutions of mole ratio 5.5 to 168 [ ] per Na. The dilute solutions show peaks characteristic of the vibrations of ammonia and a strong peak near 1.5 [ ] which is assigned to the solvated [ ] species. Concentrated solutions show high reflectivity over broad wavelength ranges. The results for… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Beckman, Tad A., 1936- & Pitzer, Kenneth S. (Kenneth Sanborn), 1914-1997
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Orbital Radii, Bond Length And Resonance

Description: The radius of a c-p hybrid orbital has been found to be given by the expression: [formula] where A is the radius of the pure p orbital, B, a universal constant equal to 0.336 A, and [ ], the coefficient of mixing in the hybrid s + [ ]. When radii appropriate for the orbitals that are paired together are used, bond length is additive of the orbital radii and no Schomaker-Stevenson correction is necessary. This shows that most bonds can be treated as covalent, single and localized.
Date: February 1961
Creator: Somayajulu, G. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Kinematics And Dispersion Relations For General Production Processes

Description: The method of dispersion relations has in recent years found a wide application for the study of elementary particle reactions. Most of the work, however, deals with reactions of the type [formula], while the theory of those with more than two particles in the final state is still in a very preliminary stage. One reason for this is that even with only three particles in the final state the theory is already much more complicated. Nevertheless, a further development of the theory seemed to us ve… more
Date: February 2, 1961
Creator: Kretzschmar, Martin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Partially Degenerate, Relativistic, Ideal Electron Gas

Description: Tables of the electron pressure and kinetic energy for a partially degenerate, relativistic, ideal electron gas are computed by numerical integration using an IBM 7090 electronic calculator. These are given in terms of log10(B) and log10(0), where B is the ratio of the temperature to the rest mass of the electron and (O) is proportional to the numerical density of electrons. The tables include values of T from 5 million to 400 billion degrees and cover the range of electron densities from the r… more
Date: February 23, 1961
Creator: Grasberger, William H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dislocation Substructures In Deformed And Recovered Molybdenum

Description: Specimens suitable for transmission electron microscopy have been prepared from bulk polycrystalline molybdenum after tensile deformation and recovery. The resulting dislocation substructures are described. Some tentative conclusions concerning the mechanism of plastic deformation in molybdenum are discussed.
Date: March 1961
Creator: Benson, R.; Thomas, G. & Washburn, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrides Of Germanium, Tin, Arsenic And Antimony

Description: Volatile hydrides may be prepared from ether solutions by the reaction of the appropriate chlorides with lithium hydroaluminate. In this general method, it is necessary to work with strictly anhydrous reagents and solvents because of the great reactivity of lithium hydroaluminate toward water. The procedures described here are believed to be much more convenient because the reducing agent employed is potassium hydroborate, which is relatively insensitive toward water. Since only aqueous solutio… more
Date: March 1961
Creator: Jolly, William L. & Drake, John E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ionization in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields

Description: Both in magnetohydrodynamic shocks and in accelerated partially ionized gas flow across a magnetic field, space charge separation occurs that establishes very large electric fields in the direction of motion. The width of the current layers associated with the acceleration is never less than the electron Larmor radius with no collisions and is broadened by electron collisions to a width solely determined by the effective resistivity. The electrons gain an energy regardless of collisions equal t… more
Date: March 15, 1961
Creator: Colgate, Stirling A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fast Pulse-Amplitude Discriminators

Description: Pulse-amplitude discriminators are useful in nuclear counting to separate signals of greater amplitude from a background of unwanted or noise signals of lesser amplitude. As used here, the term "fast" implies circuits capable of responding to pulses between a nanosecond and a microsecond in duration. An ideal discriminator would produce for any incoming signal whose amplitude is greater than a threshold bias level, an output pulse of constant amplitude, duration, and delay with respect to the i… more
Date: March 30, 1961
Creator: Mack, Dick A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Martensite In CU-12.0% AL Alloy

Description: Thin foils suitable for transmission electron microscopy have been prepared from bulk specimens of Cu-12.0% Al alloy quenched from 800' C to produce martensite. The martensitic structure consists of long lenticular plates which are twinned on 20-50A scale. The twin planes in the martensite are shown to be [formula]. There is evidence that this structure is ordered as expected for a transformation from an ordered parent lattice. Experiments using a high temperature stage show that the decomposit… more
Date: April 1961
Creator: Thomas, G. & Huffstutler, M.C., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cyclotrons

Description: The structure and operation of cyclotrons are discussed. Factors limiting cyclotron size and energy are given. Improvements to the basic continuous-wave cyclotron are described, including frequency modulation, strong focusing, and variable-energy facilities.
Date: April 4, 1961
Creator: Smith, Bob H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Instrumentation Of Multi-Channel Counting Experiments

Description: Recent experience in instrumentation of several nuclear-physics experiments has demonstrated the feasibility of automating the data-acquisition phases of the experiment. Electronic circuits are employed wherever the rate of data flow would be slowed by the use of human operations. Information is selected, temporarily stored, and then recorded in a form suitable for immediate entry into a computer. Experimenters thus freed from the tedious aspects of data collection can devote their time to stud… more
Date: April 4, 1961
Creator: Kirsten, Frederick A. & Mack, Dick A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrical Limitations To Energy Resolution In Semiconductor Particle Detectors

Description: Based on the assumption that the noise contribution of a semiconductor detector is due solely to the bulk properties of the semiconductor, equations are presented which indicate the theoretical limits of noise in detector-amplifier combinations. These equations show that an optimum amplifier time constant and detector bias voltage exist for which condition the minimum noise is independent of the semiconductor resistivity. The optimum performance of a detector-amplifier system is shown to depend… more
Date: April 5, 1961
Creator: Hansen, William L. & Goulding, Frederick S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Sensitive Differential Pressure System For Measuring Cryogenic Liquid Depths

Description: A system for measuring depths of cryogenic liquids is described. The indicating device is a modified differential pressure gage. The level sensing probes are of various types, either permanent or removable. The heat leak to cryogenic liquids may be made negligibly small.
Date: April 21, 1961
Creator: Pope, William L. & McLaughlin, Edwin F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The [Sigma/Alpha] Branching Ratio Of [Y*1]

Description: Recently a T=1 resonance in the [Alpha w] system called [Y*1] has been observed with a mass of 1385 Mev. Two types of resonances have been predicted that might relate this observation to other elementary-particle interactions: (1) P 3/2 resonances in the Alpha w and Sigma w systems predicted by global symmetry corresponding to the (3/2, 3/2) resonance of the wN system, (2) a spin-1/2 Y-w resonance resulting from a bound state in the KN system. The position and width of the observed [Y*1] resona… more
Date: April 25, 1961
Creator: Alston, Margaret H.; Alvarez, Luis W., 1911-1988; Eberhard, Phillippe; Good, Myron L.; Graziano, William; Ticho, Harold K., 1921-2020 et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evidence For a T = 0 Resonance in the Z[ ] System

Description: In previous letters we have reported a Av resonance, called Y*1, observed through the study of the interaction of 1.15-Bev/c K* mesons in hydrogen in the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory 15-in. bubble chamber. We now wish to report the results of the study of the three reactions [formula](1), [formula](2) and [formula](3).
Date: April 28, 1961
Creator: Alston, Margaret H.; Alvarez, Luis W., 1911-1988; Eberhard, Phillippe; Good, Myron L.; Graziano, William; Ticho, Harold K., 1921-2020 et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Carrier-Free Separation Of Hafnium From Rare-Earth Oxides

Description: A carrier-free separation of hafnium from several hundred milligrams of rare earth oxides by anion exchange from saturated HC1 solution is given. The procedure is completed in 4-8 hours and is suitable for remote control work.
Date: May 1961
Creator: Tocher, Mab I. & Hollander, Jack M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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