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Federal policies to promote the widespread utilization of photovoltaic systems. Supplement: review and critique

Description: This document is intended as a supplement to the two-volume report entitled Federal Policies to Promote the Widespread Utilization of Photovoltaic Systems that was submitted to Congress by the Department of Energy in February and April of 1980. This supplement contains review comments prepared by knowledgeable experts who reviewed early drafts of the Congressional report. Responses to the review comments by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, preparer of the Congressional report, are also included i… more
Date: April 15, 1980
Creator: Smith, J.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cuprous oxide photovoltaic cells. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, January 9-April 8, 1980

Description: The previous work on this project was devoted to a study of MIS cells and heterojunction cells with Cu/sub 2/O. In particular the junctions were studied by Auger techniques to detect possible chemical changes at the interface. It was found that some preparation conditions could produce heterojunctions without chemical degradation. In the last quarter, work was initiated on the effect of impurities in the starting Cu on the properties of the Cu/sub 2/O and Cu/sub 2/O solar cells. Methods of meas… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Trivich, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Supported growth of polycrystalline silicon sheet on low-cost ceramic, carbon, or reusable substrate. Quarterly report No. 1, September 26-December 31, 1979

Description: The overall objective of this program is to identify and develop high-throughput, supported-growth methods for producing low-cost, large-area polycrystalline silicon sheet on ceramic, carbon, or reusable substrates. The first method being investigated is the SCIM coating technique. (SCIM is an acronym for Silicon Coating by Inverted Meniscus.) With this technique, a low-cost ceramic substrate is silicon-coated in a continuous manner by passing the substrate over a molten silicon meniscus which … more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Chapman, P.W.; Heaps, J.D.; Schuldt, S.B. & Zook, J.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Vacuum deposited polycrystalline silicon films for solar cell applications. Quarterly report, 1 April-30 June 1980

Description: Polycrystalline p-type films were vacuum deposited onto TiB/sub 2/ coated alumina and sapphire substrates. Epitaxial layers were also formed on single crystal silicon substrates. Junctions in the layers were created by both gaseous diffusion in a tube furnace and by vacuum deposition. The TiB/sub 2/ vacuum deposited bottom electrodes have resistivities between 30 and 40 ..mu.. ..cap omega..-cm. All-vacuum-deposited solar cells were fabricated for the first time. Efficiencies approaching those i… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Feldman, C.; Arrington, III, C. H.; Blum, N. A. & Satkiewicz, F. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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First quarterly report on Development of processes for the production of solar grade silicon from halides and alkali metals, October 3-December 31, 1979

Description: This program is directed toward the development of processes involving high temperature reactions of silicon halides with alkali metals for the production of solar grade silicon in volume at low cost. Experiments are being performed to evaluate product separation and collection processes, measure heat release parameters for scaling purposes, determine the effects of reactants and/or products on materials of reactor construction, and make preliminary engineering and economic analyses of a scaled… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Dickson, C. R. & Gould, R. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Silicon-on ceramic process: silicon sheet growth and device development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the Low-Cost Solar Array Project. Quarterly report No. 14, January 1-March 31, 1980

Description: The purpose of this research program is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of producing solar-cell-quality sheet silicon by coating inexpensive ceramic substrates with a thin layer of polycrystalline silicon. The coating methods to be developed are directed toward a minimum-cost process for producing solar cells with a terrestrial conversion efficiency of 11% or greater. By applying a graphite coating to one face of a ceramic substrate, molten silicon can be made to wet only … more
Date: April 21, 1980
Creator: Whitehead, A B; Zook, J D; Grung, B L; McHenry, K; Schuldt, S B & Chapman, P W
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LSA large area silicon sheet task continuous liquid feed Czochralski growth. Quarterly report, January-March 1980

Description: The purpose of this specific phase of the continuous liquid feed program is the design and development of equipment and processes in order to demonstrate the continuous growth of crystals, by use of the Czochralski method, suitable for producing monocrystalline silicon for use in solar cells. This involves the growth of at least 150 kgs of monocrystalline silicon ingots, 150 mm in diameter, obtained from a single growth container. Our approach to meeting this goal is to develop a furnace with c… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Walters, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of proposed process sequence for the array automated assembly task. Phase II. Quarterly technical progress report, March 28, 1980

Description: Evaluation of infrared drying (at approximately 300/sup 0/C) PX-10 diffusion source in about one minute or less, revealed comparable results to the conventional oven drying at 150/sup 0/C for 15 minutes. Initially investigation of the fritted-nickel paste front contact indicated high series resistance. Series resistance was reduced upon solder dipping. Further experimentation on junction isolation by laser scribing the front edge of finished, non-AR coated, solar cells continued this period. Al… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Garcia, A.; Bunyan, S. & Wong, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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64 kW concentrator Photovoltaics Application Test Center. Volume. Final report

Description: Kaman Sciences Corporation has designed a 64 kW Concentrating Photovoltaic Applications Test Center (APTEC). The APTEC employs a combined concentrating photovoltaic array in a total energy system application for load sharing the electric and thermal demands of a large computer center with the interfaced electric and natural gas utility. The photovoltaic array is composed of two-axis tracking heliostats of Fresnel lens concentrating, silicon solar cell modules. The modules are cooled with a flui… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Jardine, D.M. & Jones, D.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic procurement strategies: an assessment of supply issues

Description: This review report presents the results of an analysis of alternative approaches to the design of a federal photovoltaics procurement program. Advantages and disadvantages of large purchases at fixed prices and smaller purchases for testing and demonstrating the technology are presented. The objectives and possible impacts of these purchase programs on the photovoltaic industry are described. The reactions of the industry to alternative purchase programs were assessed using personal interviews … more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Posner, D. & Costello, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LSA large area silicon sheet task: continuous liquid feed Czochralski growth. Quarterly report No. 9, October-December 1979

Description: Now nearing the end of its second phase, the purpose of this program is the design and development of equipment and processes to demonstrate the continuous growth of crystals, by use of the Czochralski method, suitable for producing monocrystalline silicon for use in solar cells. This involves the growth of at least 150 kg of monocrystalline silicon ingots, 150 mm in diameter, obtained from a single growth container. The approach to meeting this goal is to develop a furnace with continuous liqu… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Walters, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of low cost contacts to silicon solar cells. Third quarterly report, 15 October 1979-15 January 1980

Description: The results of the second phase of the program of developing low cost contacts to silicon solar cells using copper are reported. Phase I yielded the development of a plated Pd-Cr-Cu contact system. This process produced cells with shunting problems when they were heated to 400/sup 0/C for 5 minutes. Phase II was to find means of stopping the later identified copper diffusion which caused the shunting. A contact heat treatment study has been conducted with Pd-Ag, Cr-Ag, Pd-Cu, Cu-Cr and Cr-Ni-Cu… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Tanner, D. P. & Iles, P. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low cost solar array project: Task I. Silicon material. Third quarterly progress report, October 17, 1979-January 17, 1980

Description: During this quarterly period we have completed assembly of 95% of the power control and gas handling systems. 95% of the reaction chamber parts are made and ready to be assembled. As new problems have become apparent, we have made specific design changes and additions. Specifically, thermal expansion, quartz to graphite connections, and recycle gas flow control have posed problems that have been eliminated by design.
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Jewett, D.N.; Bates, H.E. & Hill, D.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Emerging materials systems for solar cell applications: Cu/sub 2-x/Se. Third quarterly technical progress report, November 1, 1979-February 1, 1980

Description: The purpose of this program is to investigate the feasibility of using Cu/sub 2-x/Se as a semiconductor material for the low cost production of photovoltaic solar cells. The Cu/sub 2-x/Se films are produced by coevaporation from individually monitored Cu and Se vapor sources. With a substrate temperature of 170/sup 0/C, single phase cubic Cu/sub 2-x/Se films have been produced. These films have a direct band gap of 2.2 eV and an indirect band gap of 1.4 eV. Fabrication of Cu/sub 2-x/Se/CdS cell… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Mickelsen, R. A.; Stewart, J. M. & Chen, W. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low cost Czochralski crystal growing technology: near term implementation of the flat plate photovoltaic cost reduction of the Low Cost Solar Array Project. Fourth quarterly progress report, January 1-March 31, 1980

Description: The purpose of the program is to demonstrate the growth of up to 150 kilograms of 6'' diameter single crystal silicon ingot from one crucible by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The method being developed relies upon conventional CZ technology combined with new equipment and process designs and concepts. These concepts alternate cycles of crystal growth and hot melt replenishment and are designed to be ultimately suitable for use in a high volume production facility. A Hamco Model CG2000 RC crystal… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Roberts, E. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low-cost epitaxial techniques for solar-cell fabrication. Quarterly technical progress report No. 1, September 26, 1979-December 24, 1979

Description: During the frst quarter, a candidate low-cost silicon substrate, designated upgraded metallurgical grade (UMG) silicon, was obtained. The electrical, physical, and structural properties of three grades of this material were measured. An initial epitaxial growth technique was standardized and qualified for application to the growth of diagnostic and solar-cell structures. Such structures were grown on the three UMG grades of substrates and the properties of these layers were compared to those of… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: D'Aiello, R. V. & Robinson, P. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon (Phase III). Silicon material task Low-Cost Solar Array Project. Nineteenth quarterly progress report, April 1-June 30, 1980

Description: Early in this report period, the PDU was operated for a short time (one-half hour) before downstream constrictions prompted termination. The problem was traced to malfunction of the wetted-wall by-product condenser owing to the zinc chloride having a higher-than-anticipated viscosity near its melting point. Since then, a number of problems, minor in origin but major in effect, have hampered operation of the PDU. Steps are being taken to correct these deficiencies of design or mode of operation … more
Date: July 31, 1980
Creator: Blocher, J.M. Jr.; Browning, M.F. & Seifert, D.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Materials studies related to the Cu/sub 2/S/ZnCdS heterojunction. First quarter report, March 15, 1980-June 15, 1980

Description: Work over the first quarter was directed toward compositional measurements of Cu/sub 2/S/ZnCdS junctions by AAS and AES, and modelling of the junction based on these measurements. AAS and AES measurements both indicate an accumulation of Zn under the interface. AES profiles indicate Zn and Cd in the Cu/sub 2/S, although AAS indicates concentrations below 5 x 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. A model based on lateral composition variation at the interface is presented. This model can account for some of th… more
Date: July 1980
Creator: Burton, L. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Emerging materials systems for solar cell applications - CU/sub 2-x/Se. Final report, May 1, 1979-April 30, 1980

Description: The objective of this research program was the investigation of copper selenide (Cu/sub 2-x/Se) films as a promising potential semiconductor material for low cost, mass produced thin film photovoltaic solar cells. Major activities during this program have been the development of the semiconductor film formation process, characterization of the deposited films, calculation of the projected cell performance from theoretical analysis, and the fabrication and testing of simple cell structures. Prog… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Mickelsen, R. A.; Stewart, J. M. & Chen, W. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Phase 2 of the array automated assembly task for the Low Cost Silicon Solar Array Project. Seventh quarterly report

Description: Work during this quarter emphasized the evaluation of the Motorola metallization process, the major experimental task of the program. The Motorola process is a lengthy one, designed to assure reproducible metallization of solar cells, but it was found difficult to reproduce relative to a single step electroless nickel plating. It is also concluded, on the basis of experiments performed to date, that the product of the Motorola process is virtually identical to the product of a simple electroles… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Creator: Petersen, R. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low cost silicon process development. Phase III: process optimization and evaluation. Third quarterly technical progress report

Description: The goal of the Low Cost Silicon Process Development project is to determine technical and economic feasibility of a tribromosilane-based process for the production of Solar Cell Grade Silicon. To accomplish this project goal, three principal tasks have been defined: (1) an experimental chemistry task; (2) a mini-plant design and construction task; and (3) a mini-plant operation and evaluation task. The scope of the experimental chemistry task includes optimization of the process with design ve… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Moore, E.; Newman, C. & Messina, L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LSA large area silicon sheet task continuous liquid feed Czochralski growth. Quarterly report, April-June 1980

Description: The purpose of this phase of the continuous liquid feed program is the design and development of equipment and processes in order to ultimately demonstrate the continuous growth of crystals, by the use of the Czochralski method, suitable for producing monocrystalline silicon for use in solar cells. This involves the growth of at least 150 kg monocrystalline silicon ingots, 150 mm in diameter, obtained from a single growth container. Our approach to meeting this goal is to develop a furnace with… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Creator: Walters, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Silicon-on ceramic process: silicon sheet growth and device development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the Low-Cost Solar Array Project. Quarterly report NO. 15, April 1, 1980-June 30, 1980

Description: The objective of this research is to investigate the technical feasibility of producing solar-cell-quality sheet silicon which could meet the DOE cost goals. The Honeywell approach is to coat one surface of carbonized ceramic substrates with a thin layer of large-grain polycrystalline silicon from the melt. Results and accomplishments which occurred during the quarter can be summarized as follows: (1) two major problems associated with SCIM-coating wide (10-cm) substrates were identified and so… more
Date: July 31, 1980
Creator: Whitehead, A B; Zook, J D; Grung, B L; McHenry, K; Schuldt, S B & Chapman, P W
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Silicon materials task of the low-cost solar array project (Phase IV): effects of impurities and processing on silicon solar cells. Eighteenth quarterly report, January 1980-March 1980

Description: The overall objective of this program is to define the effects of impurities, various thermochemical processes, and any impurity-process interactions upon the performance of terrestrial solar cells. The results of the study form a basis for silicon producers, wafer manufacturers, and cell fabricators to develop appropriate cost-benefit relationships for the use of less pure, less costly solar grade silicon. Fifteen 4 ohm-cm p-type ingots were grown during this quarter, both single crystal and p… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Hopkins, R.H.; Davis, J.R.; Rohatgi, A.; Campbell, R.B.; Rai-Choudhury, P.; Hanes, M.H. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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