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Consumptive water use in the production of ethanonl and petroleum gasoline.

Description: The production of energy feedstocks and fuels requires substantial water input. Not only do biofuel feedstocks like corn, switchgrass, and agricultural residues need water for growth and conversion to ethanol, but petroleum feedstocks like crude oil and oil sands also require large volumes of water for drilling, extraction, and conversion into petroleum products. Moreover, in many cases, crude oil production is increasingly water dependent. Competing uses strain available water resources and ra… more
Date: January 30, 2009
Creator: Wu, M.; Mintz, M.; Wang, M.; Arora, S. & Systems, Energy
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

FINAL REPORT (DE-FG02-97ER62338): Single-column modeling, GCM parameterizations, and ARM data

Description: Our overall goal is the development of new and improved parameterizations of cloud-radiation effects and related processes, using ARM data at all three ARM sites, and the implementation and testing of these parameterizations in global models. To test recently developed prognostic parameterizations based on detailed cloud microphysics, we have compared SCM (single-column model) output with ARM observations at the SGP, NSA and TWP sites. We focus on the predicted cloud amounts and on a suite of r… more
Date: February 27, 2009
Creator: Somerville, Richard C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

California Wintertime Precipitation in Regional and Global Climate Models

Description: In this paper, wintertime precipitation from a variety of observational datasets, regional climate models (RCMs), and general circulation models (GCMs) is averaged over the state of California (CA) and compared. Several averaging methodologies are considered and all are found to give similar values when model grid spacing is less than 3{sup o}. This suggests that CA is a reasonable size for regional intercomparisons using modern GCMs. Results show that reanalysis-forced RCMs tend to significant… more
Date: April 27, 2009
Creator: Caldwell, P M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effect of Concrete Waste Form Properties on Radionuclide Migration

Description: Assessing long-term performance of Category 3 waste cement grouts for radionuclide encasement requires knowledge of the radionuclide-cement interactions and mechanisms of retention (i.e., sorption or precipitation) the mechanism of contaminant release, the significance of contaminant release pathways, how waste form performance is affected by the full range of environmental conditions within the disposal facility, the process of waste form aging under conditions that are representative of proce… more
Date: September 30, 2009
Creator: Mattigod, Shas V.; Bovaird, Chase C.; Wellman, Dawn M.; Skinner, De'Chauna J.; Cordova, Elsa A. & Wood, Marcus I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fracture Propagation and Permeability Change under Poro-thermoelastic Loads & Silica Reactivity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems

Description: Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Therefore, knowledge of the conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importan… more
Date: October 2009
Creator: Ghassemi, Ahmad
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Climate uncertainty and implications for U.S. state-level risk assessment through 2050.

Description: Decisions for climate policy will need to take place in advance of climate science resolving all relevant uncertainties. Further, if the concern of policy is to reduce risk, then the best-estimate of climate change impacts may not be so important as the currently understood uncertainty associated with realizable conditions having high consequence. This study focuses on one of the most uncertain aspects of future climate change - precipitation - to understand the implications of uncertainty on r… more
Date: October 1, 2009
Creator: Loose, Verne W.; Lowry, Thomas Stephen; Malczynski, Leonard A.; Tidwell, Vincent Carroll; Stamber, Kevin Louis; Kelic, Andjelka et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Disdrometer and Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Handbook

Description: The Distromet disdrometer model RD-80 and NovaLynx tipping bucket rain gauge model 260-2500E-12 are two devices deployed a few meters apart to measure the character and amount of liquid precipitation. The main purpose of the disdrometer is to measure drop size distribution, which it does over 20 size classes from 0.3 mm to 5.4 mm. The data from both instruments can be used to determine rain rate. The disdrometer results can also be used to infer several properties including drop number density,… more
Date: December 1, 2009
Creator: MJ, Bartholomew.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ANALYSIS OF RICIN TOXIN PREPARATIONS FOR CARBOHYDRATE AND FATTY ACID ABUNDANCE AND ISOTOPE RATIO INFORMATION

Description: This report describes method development and preliminary evaluation for analyzing castor samples for signatures of purifying ricin. Ricin purification from the source castor seeds is essentially a problem of protein purification using common biochemical methods. Indications of protein purification will likely manifest themselves as removal of the non-protein fractions of the seed. Two major, non-protein, types of biochemical constituents in the seed are the castor oil and various carbohydrates.… more
Date: December 1, 2009
Creator: Wunschel, David S.; Kreuzer-Martin, Helen W.; Antolick, Kathryn C.; Colburn, Heather A.; Moran, James J. & Melville, Angela M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hydrological consequences of global warming

Description: The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change indicates there is strong evidence that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide far exceeds the natural range over the last 650,000 years, and this recent warming of the climate system is unequivocal, resulting in more frequent extreme precipitation events, earlier snowmelt runoff, increased winter flood likelihoods, increased and widespread melting of snow and ice, longer and more widespread droughts, and rising sea level. The effects… more
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Miller, Norman L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Electron loss rates from the outer radiation belt caused by the filling of the outer plasmasphere: the calm before the storm

Description: Measurements from 7 spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit are analyzed to determine the decay rate of the number density of the outer electron radiation belt prior to the onset of high-speed-stream-driven geomagnetic storms. Superposed-data analysis is used wan(?) a collection of 124 storms. When there is a calm before the storm, the electron number density decays exponentially before the storm with a 3.4-day e-folding time: beginning about 4 days before storm onset, the density decreases from {ap… more
Date: January 1, 2009
Creator: Borovsky, Joseph E & Denton, Michael H
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pore scale modeling of reactive transport involved in geologic CO2 sequestration

Description: We apply a multi-component reactive transport lattice Boltzmann model developed in previolls studies to modeling the injection of a C02 saturated brine into various porous media structures at temperature T=25 and 80 C. The porous media are originally consisted of calcite. A chemical system consisting of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H+, CO2(aq), and CI-is considered. The fluid flow, advection and diHusion of aqueous species, homogeneous reactions occurring in the bulk fluid, as weB as the dissolution of cal… more
Date: January 1, 2009
Creator: Kang, Qinjin; Lichtner, Peter C; Viswanathan, Hari S & Abdel-fattah, Amr I
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Influence of interface mobility on the evolution of Austenite-Martensite grain assemblies during annealing

Description: The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process is a new heat treatment for the creation of advanced high-strength steels. This treatment consists of an initial partial or full austenitization, followed by a quench to form a controlled amount of martensite and an annealing step to partition carbon atoms from the martensite to the austenite. In this work, the microstructural evolution during annealing of martensite-austenite grain assemblies has been analyzed by means of a modeling approach tha… more
Date: January 1, 2009
Creator: Clarke, Amy J; Santofimia, Maria J; Speer, John G; Zhao, L & Sietsma, Jilt
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) of High Level Waste (HLW) Organic and Nitrate Destruction Prior to Vitrification: Crucible Scale to Engineering Scale Demonstrations and Non-Radioactive to Radioactive Demonstrations

Description: Over a decade ago, an in-tank precipitation process to remove Cs-137 from radioactive high level waste (HLW) supernates was demonstrated at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The full scale demonstration with actual HLW was performed in SRS Tank 48 (T48). Sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) was added to enable Cs-137 extraction as CsTPB. The CsTPB, an organic, and its decomposition products proved to be problematic for subsequent processing of the Cs-137 precipitate in the SRS HLW vitrification facili… more
Date: February 7, 2009
Creator: Jantzen, Carol M.; Williams, M. R.; Daniel, W. E.; Burket, P. R. & Crawford, C. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Year of Radiation Measurements at the North Slope of Alaska Second Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report

Description: In 2009, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the Climate Change Prediction Program (CCPP) have been asked to produce joint science metrics. For CCPP, the second quarter metrics are reported in Evaluation of Simulated Precipitation in CCSM3: Annual Cycle Performance Metrics at Watershed Scales. For ARM, the metrics will produce and make available new continuous time series of radiative fluxes based on one year of observations from Barrow, Alaska, during the International Pola… more
Date: April 15, 2009
Creator: McFarlane, S. A.; Shi, Y. & Long, C. N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Aggregate-scale heterogeneity in iron (hydr)oxide reductive transformations

Description: There is growing awareness of the complexity of potential reaction pathways and the associated solid-phase transformations during the reduction of Fe (hydr)oxides, especially ferrihydrite. An important observation in static and advective-dominated systems is that microbially produced Fe(II) accelerates Ostwald ripening of ferrihydrite, thus promoting the formation of thermodynamically more stable ferric phases (lepidocrocite and goethite) and, at higher Fe(II) surface loadings, the precipitatio… more
Date: June 15, 2009
Creator: Tufano, K. J.; Benner, S. G.; Mayer, K. U.; Marcus, M. A.; Nico, P. S. & Fendorf, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Calcite precipitation dominates the electrical signatures of zero valent iron columns under simulated field conditions

Description: Calcium carbonate is a secondary mineral precipitate influencing zero valent iron (ZVI) barrier reactivity and hydraulic performance. We conducted column experiments to investigate electrical signatures resulting from concurrent CaCO{sub 3} and iron oxides precipitation under simulated field geochemical conditions. We identified CaCO{sub 3} as a major mineral phase throughout the columns, with magnetite present primarily close to the influent based on XRD analysis. Electrical measurements revea… more
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Wu, Yuxin; Versteeg, R.; Slater, L. & LaBrecque, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical simulation study of silica and calcite dissolution around a geothermal well by injecting high pH solutions with chelating agent.

Description: Dissolution of silica, silicate, and calcite minerals in the presence of a chelating agent (NTA) at a high pH has been successfully performed in the laboratory using a high-temperature flow reactor. The mineral dissolution and porosity enhancement in the laboratory experiment has been reproduced by reactive transport simulation using TOUGHREACT. The chemical stimulation method has been applied by numerical modeling to a field geothermal injection well system, to investigate its effectiveness. P… more
Date: February 1, 2009
Creator: Xu, Tianfu; Rose, Peter; Fayer, Scott & Pruess, Karsten
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hillslope Flow Routing, Contaminant Transport, and Water Uptake in Zero-Order Watersheds Subject to Intensive Forest Plantation Management. Phase 1A: Watershed and Soil Characterization. Phase 1B: Instrumentation of First Hillslope and Trench

Description: Abstract – An accomplishment report from a hill slope hydrology study in South Carolina.
Date: June 21, 2009
Creator: Jackson, Rhett, C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Stress- and Chemistry-Mediated Permeability Enhancement/Degradation in Stimulated Critically-Stressed Fractures

Description: This work has investigated the interactions between stress and chemistry in controlling the evolution of permeability in stimulated fractured reservoirs through an integrated program of experimentation and modeling. Flow-through experiments on natural and artificial fractures in Coso diorite have examined the evolution of permeability under paths of mean and deviatoric stresses, including the role of dissolution and precipitation. Models accommodating these behaviors have examined the importanc… more
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Elsworth, Derek; Grader, Abraham S.; Marone, Chris; Halleck, Phillip; Rose, Peter; Faoro, Igor et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microbial Transformations of Actinides and Other Radionuclides

Description: Microorganisms can affect the stability and mobility of the actinides and other radionuclides released from nuclear fuel cycle and from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Under appropriate conditions, microorganisms can alter the chemical speciation, solubility and sorption properties and thus could increase or decrease the concentrations of radionuclides in solution in the environment and the bioavailability. Dissolution or immobilization of radionuclides is brought about by direct enzymatic ac… more
Date: January 7, 2009
Creator: Francis, A. J. & Dodge, C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Techniques to Access Databases and Integrate Data for Hydrologic Modeling

Description: This document addresses techniques to access and integrate data for defining site-specific conditions and behaviors associated with ground-water and surface-water radionuclide transport applicable to U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission reviews. Environmental models typically require input data from multiple internal and external sources that may include, but are not limited to, stream and rainfall gage data, meteorological data, hydrogeological data, habitat data, and biological data. These data… more
Date: June 17, 2009
Creator: Whelan, Gene; Tenney, Nathan D.; Pelton, Mitchell A.; Coleman, Andre M.; Ward, Duane L.; Droppo, James G. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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