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Comparative nuclear effects of biomedical interest. Civil effects study

Description: Selected physical and biological data bearing upon the environmental variations created by nuclear explosions are presented in simplified form. Emphasis is placed upon the ``early`` consequences of exposure to blast, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation to elucidate the comparative ranges of the major effects as they vary with explosive yield and as they contribute to the total hazard to man. A section containing brief definitions of the terminology employed is followed by a section that u… more
Date: January 12, 1961
Creator: White, C.S.; Bowen, I.G.; Richmond, D.R. & Corsbie, R.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Model Designed to Predict the Motion of Objects Translated by Classical Blast Waves

Description: BS>A theoretical model was developed for the purpose of predicting the motion of objects translated by winds associated with "classical" blast waves produced by explosions. Among the factors omitted from the model for the sake of simplicity were gravity and the friction that may occur between the displaced object and the surface upon which it iritially rested. Numerical solutions were obtained (up to the time when maximum missile velocity occurs) in terms of dimensionless quantities to facilita… more
Date: January 1, 1961
Creator: Bowen, I. G.; Albright, R. W.; Fletcher, E. R. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparative Nuclear Effects of Biomedical Interest

Description: Selected physical and biological data bearing upon the environmental variations created by nuclear explosions are presented. Emphasis is placed upon the early consequences of exposure to blast, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation to elucidate the comparative ranges of the major effects as they vary with explosive yield and as they brief definitions of the terminology employed is followed by a section that utilizes text and tabular material to set forth events that follow nuclear explosion… more
Date: September 1, 1960
Creator: White, C. S.; Bowen, I. G.; Richmond, D. R. & Corsbie, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Missile Studies With a Biological Target

Description: Fourteen dogs located on the lee side of planted gravel, of a concrete- block wall, and of glass mounted in the open and in houses were exposed to the environmental variations associated with full-scale nuclear detonations. Aluminum foil was used to protect the animals from thermal effects. The missile environment was monitored through the use of quantitutive missile-trapping techniques. Pressure-time variations in the environment were also recorded. Biologic damage from overpressure and missil… more
Date: April 1, 1960
Creator: Goldizen, V. C.; Richmond, D. R.; Chiffelle, T. L.; Bowen, I. G. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Secondary Missiles Generated by Nuclear-Produced Blast Waves

Description: The generation of secondary missiles by blast waves was investigated in Operation Plumbbob for three nuclear detonations with estimated yields of 11, 38, and 44.5 kt. A trapping technique was used to determine the impact velocities for 17,524 missiles (stones, glass fragments, spheres, and military debris or steel fragments) which occurred in open areas, houses, and an underground shelter with an open entryway. The equivalent ideal-wave peak overpressures computed from measured blast data for t… more
Date: February 1, 1962
Creator: Bowen, I. G.; Franklin, M. E.; Fletcher, E. R. & Albright, R. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tertiary Effects of Blast--Displacement. Preliminary Report

Description: Measurements were made of the velocity and distance of translation of anthropomorphic dummies and equivalent spheres caused by blast winds. The primary technique for recording the movement of these ohjects was phototriangulation. The secondary technique (applicable to certain of the equivalent spheres) was to have the spheres impelled into missile traps. The resultant penetration provides a means for determining the velocity at the time of impact. Analysis of the results from both the primary a… more
Date: September 1, 1957
Creator: Taborelli, R.V. & Bowen, I.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Effects of Pressure Phenomena Occurring Inside Protective Shelters Following a Nuclear Detonation

Description: In two series of experiments 277 experimental animals, including 66 dogs, 52 rabbits, 52 guinea pigs, 63 rats, and 44 mice, were exposed under selected conditions in six different general types of instrumented above- and belowground shelters to blast produced by nuclear explosions. The distance of the several structures from Ground Zero ranged from 1050 to 5500 ft. The most severe alterations in the pressure environment occurring inside the structures followed the detonation of a nuclear device… more
Date: October 1, 1956
Creator: White, C. S.; Chiffelle, T. L.; Richmond, D. R.; Lockyear, W. H.; Bowen, I. G.; Goldizen, V. C. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tertiary Effects of Blast--Displacement

Description: Thc objective of the project was to determine the velocity-time and distance-time histories of anthropomorphic dummies and equivalent spheres (idealized models having an acceleration coefficient alpha equal to that of the dummy) displaced by blast winds. The dummies and spheres were located at stations within regions of about 5 and 7 psi overpressures. The technique used for recording the movement of these objects was phototriangulation. Analysis of the films obtained gave the ond shot the fiel… more
Date: February 1, 1959
Creator: Taborelli, R. V.; Bowen, I. G. & Fletcher, E. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Blast Biology--a Study of the Primary and Tertiary Effects of Blast in Open Underground Protective Shelters

Description: Dogs, pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice were exposed to nuclear detonatiors in two open underground pantitioned shelters. The shelters were of similar constructions and each was exposed to separate detonations. Each inner chamber filled through its own orifice; thus four separate pressure enviromments were obtained. An aerodynamic mound was placed over the escape hatch of each structure to determine its effect on the pressurecurve shape inside the chamber. In one test a sieve plate bolted ac… more
Date: February 1, 1959
Creator: Ricmond, D. R.; Taborelli, R. V.; Bowen, I. G.; Chiffelle, T. L.; Hirsch, F. G.; Longwell, B. B. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer, (Including Slide-Rule Design and Curve Fits for Weapons Effects)

Description: S>Based on data from the 1962 edition of The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, a circular slide rule was designed to evaluate 28 different effects of nuclear weapons. Of these 28 different effects, 13 relate to blast, 5 to thermal radiation, 1 to initial nuclear radiation, 2 to early fallout, 6 to crater dimensions, and 1 to fireball dimensions. Most of the parameters are presented as functions of range and yield (1 kt to 20 Mt). Techniques are described which make it possible to estimate most of the… more
Date: April 1, 1962
Creator: Fletcher, E. R.; Albright, R. W.; Perret, R. F. D.; Franklin, M. E.; Bowen, I. G. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast. Technical Progress Report

Description: The nature of certain critical lesions seen after exposure to air blast is described. The early lethality characterizing primary and tertiary blast damage is emphasized along with the seriousness of injuries caused by blastenergized debris. Tentative criteria are developed to the end that different levels of environmental variations caused by blast phenomena could be quantitatively related to various levels of biological response. Using the free- field scaling laws and a mathematical model wher… more
Date: November 1, 1962
Creator: White, C. S.; Bowen, I. G. & Richmond, D. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Translational Effects of Air Blast From High Explosives. Technical Progress Report

Description: A computational model was used in studies of the biological effects of blast from nuclear explosions. The translational effects of blast waves for objects as small as a 10-mg stone and as large as a 168-lb man were computed from theoretical studies and results were compared to field data for near-ideal blast waves from nuclear explosions. Results indicate that the motion of experimental objects can be satisfactorily predicted for free-field conditions or for window glass in houses. Results were… more
Date: November 1, 1962
Creator: Bowen, I. G.; Woodworth, P. B.; Franklin, M. E. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Determination of Aerodynamic Drag Parameters of Small Irregular Objects by Means of Drop Tests

Description: Drag coefficients were determined for various irregular objects such as glass fragments, stones, steel fragments, and spheres by means of drop tests for use in a mathematical model to correlate nuclear explosion blast experiments. Drop tests were also made on small laboratory animals and extrapolated to estimate the drag properties of man. A method was developed to estimate the average drag properties of man from his total surface area. (D.L.C.)
Date: June 1, 1960
Creator: Fletcher, E. R.; Albright, R. W.; Goldizen, V. C. & Bowen, I. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tertiary Blast Effects: The Effects of Impact on Mice, Rats, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits. Technical Progress Report

Description: A total of 455 mlce, rats, gulnea plgs, and rabbits was subjected to lmpact at velocitles ranglng between 25 ft/sec and 51 ft/sec. The deslred velocities were generated by allowlng the anlmals to free-fall from various helghts to a flat concrete pad. The ventral surface of each anlmal was the area of impact. Problt analyses of the 24-hr mortallty data ylelded LD/sub 50/ lmpact veloclties with 95% confldence limits as follows: mouse, 39.4 (37.4 to 42.0) ft/ sec; rat, ft/sec; and rabbit, 31.7 (30… more
Date: February 28, 1961
Creator: Richmond, D. R.; Bowen, I. G. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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