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in subjects: "Targets 060201* -- Fusion Fuels-- Fabrication & Testing-- 1980-1987"

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Addition of bromine as a diagnostic gas to inertial confinement fusion target microspheres

Currently, direct fuel rho r measurements on Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets by neutron activation of the argon tracer gas mixed with the DT fuel would require a 100 fold increase in neutron yield. Bromine, on the other hand, has excellent properties for neutron activation analysis at neutron yields of 10two' to 10/sup 8/, when present at an internal pressure of from 0.1 to 0.2 atmospheres. Bromine addition is accomplished in a 2 furnace system using the dried-gel method of microspher… more

Date: August 22, 1980

Creator: Morrison, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Metallic coating of microspheres

Extremely smooth, uniform metal coatings of micrometer thicknesses on microscopic glass spheres (microspheres) are often needed as targets for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The first part of this paper reviews those methods used successfully to provide metal coated microspheres for ICF targets, including magnetron sputtering, electro- and electroless plating, and chemical vapor pyrolysis. The second part of this paper discusses some of the critical aspects of magnetron sputter … more

Date: August 15, 1980

Creator: Meyer, S.F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Production of super-smooth articles

Super-smooth rounded or formed articles made of thermoplastic materials including various poly(methyl methacrylate) or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers are produced by immersing the articles into a bath, the composition of which is slowly changed with time. The starting composition of the bath is made up of at least one solvent for the polymer and a diluent made up of at least one nonsolvent for the polymer and optional materials which are soluble in the bath. The resulting extremely … more

Date: May 29, 1981

Creator: Duchane, D. V.

Item Type: Patent

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Interferometric measurements of multilayer and double shell inertial fusion targets

Optical interference microscopy plays an important role in the measurement of targets for inertial confinement fusion experiments. We describe how these techniques are applied to the measurement of thickness and refractive index of multilayer films on both flat substrates and microsphere targets. We also discuss procedures for manipulating and examining microsphere targets to measure defects and wall thickness variations anywhere on the target. Finally, we describe the use of optical interferom… more

Date: August 26, 1980

Creator: Weinstein, B.W.; Weir, J.T. & Willenborg, D.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Use of molecular beams to support microspheres during plasma coating

Spherical laser fusion targets can be levitated on beams of Ar or other gas atoms. This is an especially useful and reliable technique for supporting microspheres during plasma coating or plasma etching. The reliability of this technique is principally the result of two things: the success of a special centering device which provides a lateral, stabilizing force on the levitated microspheres; and a gas handling system which is capable of controlling levitation gas flow in the microtorr liter/se… more

Date: August 26, 1980

Creator: Crane, J. K.; Smith, R. D.; Johnson, W. L.; Letts, S. A.; Korbel, G. R. & Krenick, R. M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Ion-beam inertial fusion: the requirements posed by target and deposition physics

The demonstration of ICF scientific feasibility requires success in target design, driver development and target fabrication. Since these are interrelated, we present here some results of ion beam target studies and relate them to parameters of interest to ion accelerators. Ion deposition physics have long been a well known subject apart from high beam currents. Recent NRL experiments at up to 250 kA/cm/sup 2/ ions confirm the classical deposition physics now at current densities which are comp… more

Date: October 19, 1981

Creator: Mark, J.W.K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Magnetron co-sputtering system for coating ICF targets

Fabrication of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets requires deposition of various types of coatings on microspheres. The mechanical strength, and surface finish of the coatings are of concern in ICF experiments. The tensile strength of coatings can be controlled through grain refinement, selective doping and alloy formation. We have constructed a magnetron co-sputtering system to produce variable density profile coatings with high tensile strength on microspheres. The preliminary data on … more

Date: December 9, 1981

Creator: Hsieh, E. J.; Meyer, S. F.; Halsey, W. G.; Jameson, G. T. & Wittmayer, F. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Surface treatment of lead glass microsphere

The structural arrangement of a hydrated glass surface depends on the composition, thermal history and surface treatment. This paper considers the surface treatment of a lead glass with weak and strong acid solutions and in particular hydrogen peroxide, to give a microscopically clean microsphere.

Date: May 21, 1980

Creator: Andrews, J.E. Jr. & Koo, J.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fusion microsphere targets

It was shown that a microsphere within the structure limitations is hydrodynamically stable. To insure its perfect formation, the initial chemical compositions must have a blowing capability, more important, the resultant liquid compositions must also have sufficient surface tension and low viscosity.

Date: July 28, 1980

Creator: Koo, J.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Metal loaded poly-p-xylene

Inertial confinement fusion target designs frequently require hydrocarbon polymer coatings loaded with varying amounts of high atomic number materials, typically metals. In addition to the usual requirements on thickness uniformity and surface finish, the metal loading must be dispersed in the polymer matrix on a submicron scale. The common means of obtaining such coatings for laser fusion targets is by glow discharge polymerization of an appropriate organometallic monomer starting material. Pa… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Bieg, K.W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Continued investigations into techniques producing selective chemical reactions on surfaces and target spheres and related studies. Final report

This report describes efforts leading to the development and characterization of a compact ion source and optical transfer system producing relatively high current density ion beams. The ion source and beam transfer system represent a major advance in the state of the art in that high current densities at low kinetic energies have been achieved for high molecular weight polyatomic ions. Indeed, the ion beams produced display ion abundance patterns typical of simple low energy electron impact io… more

Date: February 19, 1982

Creator: Denton, M.B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Target factory in perspective

A target factory diagram has been constructed for an analysis of the shell coating process system in relation to target production. The number of deposition units needed to achieve the coating requirements will be a major target production operating cost.

Date: April 11, 1980

Creator: Sherohman, J.W. & Hendricks, C.D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Inertial-confinement-fusion targets

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets are made as simple flat discs, as hollow shells or as complicated multilayer structures. Many techniques have been devised for producing the targets. Glass and metal shells are made by using drop and bubble techniques. Solid hydrogen shells are also produced by adapting old methods to the solution of modern problems. Some of these techniques, problems and solutions are discussed. In addition, the applications of many of the techniques to fabrication of … more

Date: November 16, 1981

Creator: Hendricks, C.D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Metal-containing plasma-polymerized coatings for laser-fusion targets

Addition of metal to plastic layers in some direct drive laser fusion targets is needed to reduce electron induced fuel preheat. A plasma polymerization coating system was constructed to produce a metal seeded polymer by adding an organometallic gas to the usual trans-2-butene and hydrogen feedstocks. Since organometallic gases are highly reactive and toxic, safety is a major concern in the design of a coating system. Our coating apparatus was designed with three levels of containment to assure… more

Date: September 14, 1981

Creator: Letts, S. A. & Jordan, C. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Automatic gas-levitation system for vacuum deposition of laser-fusion targets

An improved simple system has been developed to gas-levitate microspheres during vacuum-deposition processes. The automatic operation relies on two effects: a lateral stabilizing force provided by a centering-ring; and an automatically incremented gas metering system to offset weight increases during coating.

Date: September 8, 1981

Creator: Jordan, C. W.; Cameron, G. R.; Krenik, R. M. & Crane, J. K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Advanced laser fusion target fabrication research and development proposal

A research and development program is described that will enable the fabrication of 10/sup 6/ targets/day for a laser fusion prototype power reactor in 2007. We give personnel and cost estimates for a generalized laser fusion target that requires the development of several new technologies. The total cost of the program between 1979 and 2007 is $362 million in today's dollars.

Date: May 1, 1979

Creator: Stupin, D. M. & Fries, R. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Target fabrication for particle beam fusion

Near-term exploding pusher targets for electron or light ion beam driven fusion are typically several mm in diameter and have relatively thick shells (rho r approx. 0.001 to 0.03 gm/cm/sup 2/). Current fabrication techniques utilize parylene polymer coatings on leachable mandrels.

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Bieg, K.W. & Chang, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Automated computer analysis of x-ray radiographs greatly facilitates measurement of coating-thickness variations in laser-fusion targets

An automated system was built to analyze x-ray radiographs of laser fusion targets which greatly facilitates the detection of coating thickness variations. Many laser fusion targets reqire opaque coatings 1 to 20 ..mu..m thick which have been deposited on small glass balloons 100 to 500 ..mu..m in diameter. These coatings must be uniformly thick to 1% for the targets to perform optimally. Our system is designed to detect variations as small as 100 A in 1-..mu..m-thick coatings by converting the… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Stupin, D.M.; Moore, K.R.; Thomas, G.D. & Whitman, R.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fabrication of glass laser fusion targets

Fusion research is being vigorously pursued at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and other laboratories throughout the world with the ultimate goal of generating power from controlled thermonuclear reactions. Two approaches to the problem of constructing glass targets with diameters of 100 to 500 ..mu.. and wall thicknesses from 1 to 10 ..mu.. are described.

Date: January 1, 1978

Creator: Elsholz, W.E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Tamped, split fuel-layer ion-beam target

A double shelled, split fuel layer target with an outer hydro tamper surrounding the low Z absorber has been designed for ion beam drivers. Results from 1-D computer calculations predict a 5 GeV heavy ion beam could produce gains in excess of 200. The behavior of this target as a function of ion range, tamper thickness and spot size has been studied.

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Meeker, D.J. & Bangerter, R.O.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Rapid interferometric sorting of fusion targets

A Mach-Zehnder interference microscope was automated which quickly characterizes and sorts transparent microspheres. It takes only 12 seconds to measure a 3 micron thick glass microsphere.

Date: September 21, 1979

Creator: Reel, G.T.; Woerner, R.L.; Willenborg, D.L. & Weinstein, B.W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Polymer coating of glass microballoons levitated in a focused acoustic field

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) glass microballoons (GMBs) levitated in a focusing radiator acoustic device can be coated with liquid materials by deploying the liquid into the levitation field with a stepped-horn atomizer. The GMB can be forced to the center of the coating liquid with a strong acoustically generated centering force. Water solutions of organic polymers, uv-curable liquid organic monomers, and paraffin waxes have been used to prepare solid coatings on the surface of GMBs using… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Young, A. T.; Lee, M. C.; Feng, I. A.; Elleman, D. D. & Wang, T. G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Efficient method that precisely characterizes laser-target defects more complex than nonconcentricity

An expansion of an efficient, fast Fourier technique for precisely characterizing complex laser target defects is described. The defects characterized are the traditional nonconcentricities and the more complex ellipticities and higher-order wall nonuniformities in single-layered targets. This characterization method uses experimentally derived molybdenum step-wedge data. The molybdenum steps (12.5 ..mu..m) were exposed to a 45-kV tungsten-bremsstrahlung source and were recorded on holographic … more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Whitman, R.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Materials processing in space: ICF target fabrication implications

During the last quarter of 1982, the Novette laser will become operational at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The primary characteristics of the Novette laser are shown. In many ways, the new laser will serve as a proving ground and test bed for the Nova laser which is also under construction and should be operational in early 1985. Tables provide the Nova operational characteristics. The advent of the two new lasers, Novette and Nova, will make it possible to study many new and excitin… more

Date: April 28, 1982

Creator: Hendricks, C.D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department