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in subjects: "Synergism"

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Integrating environment, safety and health training at a national laboratory

In a multi-purpose research laboratory, innovation and creativity are required to satisfy the training requirements for hazards to people and the environment. A climate that encourages excellence in research and enhances hazard minimization skills is created by combining technical expertise with instructional design talent.

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Larson, D.R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Exploratory Coprocessing Research. Final Report, September 1988--June 1991

The objectives of this project were to (1) study the scope of the beneficial effects of hydrothermal pretreatment of coal on subsequent conversion, (2) identify and study the chemical or physical causes of this effect, and (3) attempt to elucidate the chemistry responsible for any coal-resid synergisms.

Date: September 5, 1991

Creator: Hirschon, Albert S.; Tse, Doris S.; Malhotra, Ripudaman; McMillen, Donald F. & Ross, David S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Cellulose fermentation by nitrogen-fixing anaerobic bacteria

In anaerobic natural environments cellulose is degraded to methane, carbon dioxide and other products by the combined activities of many diverse microorganisms. We are simulating processes occurring in natural environments by constructing biologically-defined, stable, heterogeneous bacterial communities (consortia) that we use as in vitro systems for quantitative studies of cellulose degradation under conditions of combined nitrogen deprivation. These studies include the investigation of (i) me… more

Date: December 13, 1992

Creator: Canale-Parola, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Integrating Environment, Safety and Health Training at a National Laboratory

Date: March 1, 1993

Creator: Larson, D. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Macromolecular structure analysis and effective liquefaction pretreatment. Final report

This project was concerned with characterizing the changes in coal macromolecular structure, that are of significance for liquefaction pretreatments of coal. The macromolecular structure of the insoluble portion of coal is difficult to characterize. Techniques that do so indirectly (based upon, for example, NMR and FTIR characterizations of atomic linkages) are not particularly sensitive for this purpose. Techniques that characterize the elastic structure (such as solvent swelling) are much mor… more

Date: July 1, 1994

Creator: Suuberg, E. M.; Yun, Y.; Lilly, W. D.; Leung, K.; Gates, T.; Otake, Y. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Polymer-based separations: Synthesis and application of polymers for ionic and molecular recognition. Annual performance report, August 1, 1993--July 31, 1994

During this period, focus was on design and synthesis of bifunctional polymers for complexing metal ions from aqueous solutions; this could provide a means for separating radioactive and toxic metal ions from contaminated waste water as well as valuable metals from dilute ore processing streams. The synthesis of bifunctional polymers required a new preparative technique; bifunctional interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) was an important part of the studies. In the preparation, a pre-formed c… more

Date: April 1, 1994

Creator: Alexandratos, S. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The role of cellular and molecular studies in evaluation of health effects from combined radiation and chemical exposures

Additive models are currently used to predict risks following exposure to multiple agents or complex mixtures. Use of these models is questioned because different methods are used to derive risks for chemical and physical agents depending on the database used. Risks for the induction of cancer from radiation are based on large sets of human data, while standards are set for most chemical carcinogens using information derived from animal studies. However, it is not, from a scientific point of vi… more

Date: June 1, 1992

Creator: Brooks, A. L.; Gilbert, E. S.; Kitchin, R. M. & Johnson, N. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Extraction of Potential Pollutants From Ohio Coal by Synergistic Use of Supercritical Fluids. Final Report

A synergistic supercritical extraction process was developed and its feasibility demonstrated using a semi-batch extraction process unit. The process was found to be effective in selectively cleaning organic sulfur from Ohio coals. Optimal case involved a mixture of CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O, and CH{sub 3}OH, and the removal of organic sulfur ranged from 35 to 55%. Combined with pyrite and mineral matter removal by gravity, the resulting coals would have 20--30% increased heating values and SO{sub 2… more

Date: August 3, 1990

Creator: Lee, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Polymer-based separations: Synthesis and application of polymers for ionic and molecular recognition. Triennial performance report, August 1, 1989--July 31, 1992

Polymer-based separations have utilized resins such as sulfonic, acrylic, and iminodiacetic acid resins and the XAD series. Selective polymeric reagents for reaction with a targeted metal ion were synthesized as polymers with two different types of functional groups, each operating on the ions through a different mechanism. There are 3 classes of DMBPs (dual mechanism bifunctional polymers). Research during this period dealing with metal ion recognition focused on two of these classes (reductio… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Alexandratos, S. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Scientific base for sulfur oxide air pollution standards

The main deficiencies in our existing scientific data base that make the formulation of air quality standards a difficult task are summarized. It is pointed out that there are a large number of pollutants in the air, most of which are not measured, many of which are not even identified, let alone tested for toxicity on animals. These pollutants interact in the atmosphere and in the body. Some of them act as co-factors for biological reactions; others have synergistic effects. Our measurements o… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Goldstein, I. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The role of cellular and molecular studies in evaluation of health effects from combined radiation and chemical exposures

Date: June 1, 1992

Creator: Brooks, A. L.; Gilbert, E. S.; Kitchin, R. M. & Johnson, N. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Effects of defect trapping and solute segregation on defect recombination rates and void swelling in irradiated alloys. [Model]

A model describing the synergistic effects of defect trapping and solute segregation on defect recombination rates and void-growth rates in irradiated alloys is discussed. The model predicts that solute depletion by radiation-induced segregation reduces trapped defect recombination. Further, for a given defect-production rate, segregation will cause the temperature for minimum defect recombination and, hence, maximum swelling to shift to lower temperatures. This shift increases as the binding e… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Okamoto, P. R.; Lam, N. Q.; Wiedersich, H. & Johnson, R. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Thermoregulation and temperature relations of alligators and other large ectotherms inhabiting thermally stressed habitats. Annual progress report, July 1, 1975--June 30, 1976

The effects of radiation and convection on the equilibrium body temperatures of alligators have been determined. Gaping has been shown to be an effective thermoregulatory device for retarding heat gain in the heads of these animals. Initial time dependent experiments have been completed and ketamine hydrochloride has been shown to be an effective anesthetic for alligators. Evaporative water loss rates have been measured as a function of size, temperature and wind speed for the turtle Chrysemys … more

Date: March 1, 1976

Creator: Spotila, J. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Response of estuarine fish embryos to environmental temperature shock. Annual progress report, January 14, 1975--January 13, 1976

The results have demonstrated that the most sensitive stages to acute thermal shock were the 1-2 and 2-4 cell stages of periods of cell division. Late embryos and larvae were more tolerant of temperature and chemical stress than were juveniles or adults. The level and duration of exposure was not critical at less than 40/sup 0/C for 24/sup 0/C acclimated fish. Increased incubation temperatures shortened the time to hatching and fish reared at high but non-lethal temperatures had higher feeding … more

Date: April 1, 1976

Creator: Dean, J. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Accelerated aging in combined stress environments. [Synergistic effects of thermal and radiation environments on Bacillus subtilis]

Accelerated aging can be useful in estimating the lifetime of a component of interest. If under ambient conditions a single environmental variable is the predominant cause of the aging process, accelerated aging is often accomplished by raising the level of this variable above its ambient value. The relationship between the mean time to failure and the value of the accelerated environmental variable is extrapolated to ambient conditions in order to establish the ambient lifetime of the componen… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Gillen, K. T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Theory of RBE. Third triennial report, 1 January 1967--31 December 1975. [Model based on tracks of heavy ions in nuclear emulsions]

From a single set of themes, the theory of RBE has developed a picture of the response of many biological, physical, and chemical systems to radiations of different quality, that depends on a model of the structure of the tracks of nuclear projectiles in condensed matter. Its characterizations arise from the tracks of heavy ions in nuclear emulsions, as extended to accommodate biological cells. Most recently emulsions have been identified whose radiosensitivity changes with radiation quality pa… more

Date: September 1, 1975

Creator: Katz, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Combined effects of hyperthermia and radiation in cultured mammalian cells

Hyperthermia (temperatures of 39/sup 0/C or higher) enhances the killing of mammalian cells by ionizing radiation (fission-spectrum neutrons and x-rays). The nature and the magnitude of the enhanced radiation killing varies with temperature and for a fixed temperature during irradiation, the enhanced lethality varies inversely with dose rate. For temperatures up to 41/sup 0/C, dose fractionation measurements indicate that hyperthermia inhibits the repair of sublethal damage. At higher temperatu… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Ben-Hur, E.; Elkind, M. M. & Riklis, E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Plutonium Decorporation by Mixed Ligand Chelates. Final Report, June 2, 1976--April 15, 1977.

The effects of mixed ligand chelates on the removal of /sup 239/Pu and /sup 234/Th from the tissues of mice were investigated. The primary ligands, L/sub 1/, used were mainly EDTA and DTPA, while the secondary ligands, L/sub 2/, were of the bidentate type, as, for example, catechol, salicylic acid, and benzohydroxamic acid. A suitably chosen mixed ligand system binds Pu or Th at physiological pH's about 10/sup 11/ to 10/sup 15/ times greater than EDTA or DTPA. An ultrafiltration screening proce… more

Date: April 1, 1977

Creator: Schubert, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Physical sputtering of metallic systems by charged-particle impact

The present paper provides a brief overview of our current understanding of physical sputtering by charged-particle impact, with the emphasis on sputtering of metals and alloys under bombardment with particles that produce knock-on collisions. Fundamental aspects of ion-solid interactions, and recent developments in the study of sputtering of elemental targets and preferential sputtering in multicomponent materials are reviewed. We concentrate only on a few specific topics of sputter emission, … more

Date: December 1, 1989

Creator: Lam, N. Q.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Space nuclear power, propulsion, and related technologies.

Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) is one of the nation's largest research and development (R&D) facilities, with headquarters at Albuquerque, New Mexico; a laboratory at Livermore, California; and a test range near Tonopah, Nevada. Smaller testing facilities are also operated at other locations. Established in 1945, Sandia was operated by the University of California until 1949, when, at the request of President Truman, Sandia Corporation was formed as a subsidiary of Bell Lab's Western… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Berman, Marshall

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Instrumentation and telemetry at Sandia National Laboratories.

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is a Department of Energy multiprogram engineering and scientific facility with unique design, development, and test capabilities arising from their work in nuclear weapons, energy resources, defense systems, nuclear safeguards, and specialized scientific endeavors. To support these programs, they have developed instrumentation and telemetry expertise not available elsewhere. This technology is applicable to projects in government and industry. Since the 1950s… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Gas-Expanded Liquids: Synergism of Experimental and Computational Determinations of Local Structure

This project focuses on the characterization of a new class of solvent systems called gas-expanded liquids (GXLs), targeted for green-chemistry processing. The collaboration has adopted a synergistic approach combining elements of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and spectroscopic experiments to explore the local solvent behavior that could not be studied by simulation or experiment alone. The major accomplishments from this project are: • Applied MD simulations to explore the non-uniform str… more

Date: June 26, 2007

Creator: Eckert, Charles A.; Liotta, Charles L. & Hernandez, Rigoberto

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Process, Techniques, and Successes in Welding the Dry Shielded Canister Welds of the TMI-2 Reactor Core Debris

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is operated by Bechtel-BWXT Idaho LLC (BBWI), which recently completed a very successful $100 million Three-Mile Island-2 (TMI-2) program for the Department of Energy (DOE). This complex and challenging program used an integrated multidisciplinary team approach that loaded, welded, and transported an unprecedented 25 dry shielded canisters (DSC) in seven months, and did so ahead of schedule. The program moved over 340 canisters… more

Date: February 1, 2002

Creator: Zirker, Laurence R; Rankin, Richard Allen & Ferrell, Larry Joseph

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Collective systems:physical and information exergies.

Collective systems are typically defined as a group of agents (physical and/or cyber) that work together to produce a collective behavior with a value greater than the sum of the individual parts. This amplification or synergy can be harnessed by solving an inverse problem via an information-flow/communications grid: given a desired macroscopic/collective behavior find the required microscopic/individual behavior of each agent and the required communications grid. The goal of this report is to … more

Date: April 1, 2007

Creator: Robinett, Rush D., III & Wilson, David Gerald

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department