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in subjects: "Sweden"

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Heat transfer in underground heating experiments in granite, Stipa, Sweden

Electrical heater experiments have been conducted underground in granite at Stripa, Sweden, to investigate the effects of heating associated with nuclear waste storage. Temperature data from these experiments are compared with closed-form and finite-element solutions. Good agreement is found between measured temperatures and both types of models, but especially for a nonlinear finite-element heat conduction model incorporating convective boundary conditions, measured nonuniform initial rock tem… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Chan, T.; Javandel, I. & Witherspoon, P.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Geotomography applied at the Stripa Mine in Sweden

LLNL made ultrahigh-frequency (450-MHz) electromagnetic borehole-to-borehole transmissions in the Stripa Mine near Guldsmedshyttan, Sweden, in April 1979. Transmission loss measurements were made between four sets of 76-mm boreholes 30 m long, located at the end of a drift. Distances between the boreholes varied from 2 to 22 m. More than 25,000 data points were taken. A geotomograph was constructed to show the variation of attenuation between boreholes. The observed spatial variation of electro… more

Date: April 7, 1980

Creator: Okada, J.T.; Laine, E.F.; Lytle, R.J. & Daily,W.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Swedish nuclear waste efforts

After the introduction of a law prohibiting the start-up of any new nuclear power plant until the utility had shown that the waste produced by the plant could be taken care of in an absolutely safe way, the Swedish nuclear utilities in December 1976 embarked on the Nuclear Fuel Safety Project, which in November 1977 presented a first report, Handling of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Final Storage of Vitrified Waste (KBS-I), and in November 1978 a second report, Handling and Final Storage of Unreproces… more

Date: September 1, 1981

Creator: Rydberg, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Instrument evaluation, calibration, and installation for the heater experiments at Stripa

Borehole instrumentation for the measurement of temperature, displacement, and stress was evaluated, modified, calibrated, and installed in an underground site at Stripa, Sweden where experiments are currently underway to investigate the suitability of granite as a storage medium for nuclear waste. Three arrays of borehole instrumentation measure the thermomechanical effects caused by electrical heaters which simulate the thermal output of canisters of radioactive waste. Because most rock mecha… more

Date: December 1, 1979

Creator: Schrauf, T.; Pratt, H.; Simonson, E.; Hustrulid, W.; Nelson, P.; DuBois, A. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Progress with field investigations at Stripa

It is generally agreed that the most practicable method of isolating nuclear wastes from the biosphere is by deep burial in suitable geologic formations. Such burial achieves a high degree of physical isolation but raises questions concerning the rate at which some of these wastes may return to the biosphere through transport by groundwater. Any suitable repository site will be disturbed first by the excavation of the repository and second by the thermal pulse caused by the radioactive decay of… more

Date: February 1, 1980

Creator: Witherspoon, P.A.; Cook, N.G.W. & Gale, J.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Worldwide low-level waste disposal practices

Low-level waste disposal practices will be described for ten or more countries. These practices will be compared with expectations for disposal designs for low-level waste regional compacts in the US.

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: Towler, O A

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fracture and hydrology data from field studies at Stripa, Sweden

The purpose of this report is to present the basic fracture and hydrology data collected as part of the joint LBL-KBS fracture hydrology program at Stripa, Sweden. A detailed description of the fracture-core logging and hydrology borehole testing procedures is included as well as a description of how the fracture and hydrology data were coded and organized. Based on this coding a series of computer data files for the fracture and hydrology borehole data have been constructed and these are descr… more

Date: April 1, 1981

Creator: Gale, J.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Strength and permeability tests on ultra-large Stripa granite core

This report presents the results of laboratory tests on a 1 meter diameter by 2 meters high sample of granitic (quartz monzonite) rock from the Stripa mine in Sweden. The tests were designed to study the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the rock. Injection and withdrawal permeability tests were performed at several levels of axial stress using a borehole through the long axis of the core. The sample was pervasively fractured and its behavior under uniaxial compressive stress was very comp… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Thorpe, R.; Watkins, D.J.; Ralph, W.E.; Hsu, R. & Flexser, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Determination of in-situ thermal properties of Stripa granite from temperature measurements in the full-scale heater experiments: method and preliminary results. Technical information report No. 24

The in-situ thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of a granite rock mass at the Stripa mine, Sweden, have been extracted from the first 70 days of temperature data for the 5 kW full-scale heater experiment by means of least-squares fit to a finite-line source solution. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity have been determined to be 3.69 W/(m-/sup 0/C) and 1.84 x 10/sup -6/ m/sup 2//s, respectively, at an average rock temperature of 23/sup 0/C (the average value of the actual temp… more

Date: May 1, 1979

Creator: Jeffry, J.A.; Chan, T.; Cook, N.G.W. & Witherspoon, P.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Decentralized energy studies: compendium of international studies and research

The purpose of the compendium is to provide information about research activities in decentralized energy systems to researchers, government officials, and interested citizens. The compendium lists and briefly describes a number of studies in other industrialized nations that involve decentralized energy systems. A contact person is given for each of the activities listed so that interested readers can obtain more information.

Date: March 1, 1980

Creator: Wallace, C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

International nuclear fuel cycle fact book. Revision 4

This Fact Book has been compiled in an effort to provide (1) an overview of worldwide nuclear power and fuel cycle programs and (2) current data concerning fuel cycle and waste management facilities, R and D programs, and key personnel in countries other than the United States. Additional information on each country's program is available in the International Source Book: Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research and Development, PNL-2478, Rev. 2. The Fact Book is organized as follows: (1) Overview section -… more

Date: March 1, 1984

Creator: Harmon, K.M.; Lakey, L.T. & Leigh, I.W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of well test data---Application of probabilistic models to infer hydraulic properties of fractures. [Contains list of standardized terminology or nomenclatue used in statistical models]

Statistical and probabilistic methods for estimating the probability that a fracture is nonconductive (or equivalently, the conductive-fracture frequency) and the distribution of the transmissivities of conductive fractures from transmissivity measurements made in single-hole injection (well) tests were developed. These methods were applied to a database consisting of over 1,000 measurements made in nearly 25 km of borehole at five sites in Sweden. The depths of the measurements ranged from nea… more

Date: September 27, 1991

Creator: Osnes, J. D. (RE/SPEC, Inc., Rapid City, SD (United States)); Winberg, A.; Andersson, J. E. & Larsson, N. A. (Sveriges Geologiska AB, Goeteborg (Sweden))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Calculated Thermally Induced Displacements and Stresses for Heater Experiments at Stripa, Sweden. Linear Thermoelastic Models Using Constant Material Properties

Thermally induced displacements and stresses have been calculated by finite element analysis to guide the design, operation, and data interpretation of the in situ heating experiments in a granite formation at Stripa, Sweden. There are two full-scale tests with electrical heater canisters comparable in size and power to those envisaged for reprocessed high level waste canisters and a time-scaled test. To provide a simple theoretical basis for data analysis, linear thermoelasticity was assumed. … more

Date: December 1, 1979

Creator: Chan, T. & Cook, N. G. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Radioactive waste disposal in granite. [Stripa mine]

The principal geotechnical problems in selecting a repository site for radioactive waste disposal in granite are to evaluate the suitability of the rock mass in terms of: (1) fracture characteristics, (2) thermomechanical effects, and (3) fracture hydrology. Underground experiments in a mine in Sweden have provided an opportunity to study these problems. The research has demonstrated the importance of hydrogeology and the need to improve predictions of the thermomechanical behavior of fractured… more

Date: February 1, 1982

Creator: Witherspoon, P.A. & Watkins, D.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Rock Properties and Their Effect on Thermally-Induced Displacements and Stresses

A discussion is given of the importance of material properties in the finite-element calculations for thermally induced displacements and stresses resulting from a heating experiment in an in-situ granitic rock, at Stripa, Sweden. Comparisons are made between field measurements and finite element method calculations using (1) temperature independent, (2) temperature dependent thermal and thermomechanical properties and (3) in-situ and laboratory measurements for Young's modulus. The calculation… more

Date: February 1, 1980

Creator: Chan, T.; Hood, M. & Board, M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Ultrasonic and acoustic emission results from the Stripa heater experiments. Part I. Cross-hole investigation of a rock mass subjected to heating. Part II. Acoustic emission monitoring during cool-down of the Stripa heater experiment

A cross-hole high-frequency acoustic investigation of a granitic rock mass subjected to sustained heating is reported. Compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements along four different paths between four vertical boreholes were made prior to turning on the heater, during 398 days of heating, and after the heater was turned off. These measurements correlated well with the presence of fracture zones, in which the fractures were closed by thermal expansion of the rock upon heating. When the … more

Date: December 1, 1980

Creator: Paulsson, B.N.P.; King, M.S. & Rachiele, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Summary of national and international radioactive waste management programs (excluding United States)

This report is divided into two parts. Various national fuel cycle and waste management programs are summarized in tabular form in the first part. The second part of the report gives a nation-by-nation overview of fuel cycle and waste management technologies. Brief summaries on the activities of several international organizations are included. (LK)

Date: March 1, 1978

Creator: Harmon, K.M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Effect of radon transport in groundwater upon gamma-ray borehole logs

Granitic rock at an experimental waste storage site at Stripa, Sweden, is unusually high in natural radioelements (40 ppM uranium) with higher concentrations occurring locally in thin chloritic zones and fractures. Groundwater seeping through fractures into open boreholes is consequently highly anomalous in its radon content, with activity as high as one microcurie per liter. When total count gamma-ray logs are run in boreholes where groundwater inflow is appreciable, the result is quite unusua… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Nelson, P.H.; Rachiele, R. & Smith, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Predicted and measured temperatures, displacements and stresses from the Stripa heater experiments

A summary of the results of heater experiments conducted at the Stripa Mine in Sweden is given. These results for the induced temperature, displacement and stress fields, are compared with the original predictions for these parameters which were made using both analytical and finite-element calculations assuming that the material properties of the rock remained temperature independent. Discrepancies between the measured and the predicted results are discussed. Additional calculations, based on … more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Chan, T.; Hood, M. & Witherspoon, P.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An international comparison of government expenditures for energy conservation research and development:

This study provides a comparison of US and foreign government spending for energy conservation research and development (R and D). The countries included in this analysis are: the United States, United Kingdom, France, Sweden, West Germany, and Japan. The approach of this paper was to compare the research program of each country at a high level of aggregation with the US Department of Energy (DOE) program structure. This paper does not allow for differences in the way each country defines or ac… more

Date: March 1, 1988

Creator: McDonald, S.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Between-hole acoustic surveying and monitoring of a granitic rock mass

The purpose of this technical note is to present preliminary results of an acoustic monitoring study performed as part of a comprehensive rock mechanic and geophysics research program (Ref.20) associated with large-scale heater tests in an abandoned iron-ore mine in central Sweden. The investigation was performed in a fractured granitic rock mass at a sub-surface depth of 340 m, in a drift adjacent to the original iron-ore mine workings. Acoustic monitoring took place between four empty, dry, v… more

Date: February 1, 1980

Creator: Paulsson, B.N.P. & King, M.S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Thermomechanical modeling and data analysis for heating experiments at Stripa, Sweden

Comparisons were made between predicted and measured thermomechanical displacements and stresses for in situ heating experiments at a depth of 340 m in a granite body at Stripa, Sweden. We found that taking into account the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient and the mechanical properties of the rock substantially improves the agreement between theory and experiment. In general, the displacements calculated using laboratory values of rock properties agree better with fie… more

Date: November 1, 1979

Creator: Chan, T.; Littlestone, N. & Wan, O.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Initial multi-national study of future energy systems and impacts of some evolving technologies

Participants from thirteen member nations of the International Energy Agency and the Commission of European Communities have been conducting cooperative energy systems analyses, the goal of which is to evaluate the possible impacts of new and conservation technologies. Such studies are intended to provide analytical bases to aid future decisions on cooperative research and development projects. In the initial studies, a quantitative description of the 1974 energy system has been prepared for ea… more

Date: March 25, 1977

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Pictorial characterization of worldwide electric and hybrid vehicles

The presentation given is intended to fulfill the several objectives of (1) documenting the pictorial review presented during ERDA's March 1, 1977, Conference on the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Demonstration Project; (2) pictorially characterizing the present state of the electric and hybrid vehicle (EHV) art on an international scale; and (3) providing examples of the class of products expected to be available for the implementation of the early phases of Public Law 94-413. It is organize… more

Date: August 16, 1977

Creator: Kirk, R S & Barber, K F

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department