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LLL total flow geothermal program: summary of two-phase nozzle tests for scale control and materials performance

Description: A series of nozzle and wearblade tests to evaluate scale control and materials performance under total flow nozzle inlet conditions and simulated turbine blade environments was completed using Magmamax No. 1 well fluid. Brine acidification was effective in preventing scale in nozzles and on wearblade flow surfaces. Acid consumption measurements indicate that acid cost will be less than 2 mills/100 lb. brine. Measured erosion rates were low and the results indicate that available materials will … more
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Tardiff, G.E. (ed.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Geothermal power production: accidental fluid releases, waste disposal, and water use

Description: Environmental problems related to the use and disposal of fluids can accompany the operation of geothermal power plants using hot water resources (temperature > 150/sup 0/C). More than 100 kg of fluids must be extracted, processed, and disposed for each kW.h of electricity generated from a facility relying on a geothermal reservoir with fluids of 150/sup 0/C. The low thermal efficiencies of geothermal power plants result in large requirements for cooling water - over 7.4 x 10/sup 4/ m/sup 3//MW… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Layton, D. W. & Morris, W. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction. Volume 1

Description: The results are presented of an exhaustive literature search and evaluation concerning the properties and economics of commercially available nonmetallic well casing and screens. These materials were studied in terms of their use in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction.
Date: December 1, 1979
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Monitoring the materials and chemistry of a geothermal plant

Description: The components of geothermal brines that cause corrosion and scaling problems are reviewed, especially brine pH, CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, oxygen (from air), silicia, calcium, sulfides, and suspended particulates. Instrumental methods for on-line measurement are discussed to show how to keep costs low by operating a geothermal plant from a position of knowledge of what is occurring to the plant materials. The US Department of Energy research and development program in brine chemistry and on-line in… more
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Shannon, D.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Prairie Canal Well No. 1, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. Volume II. Well test data. Final report

Description: The following are included in appendices: field test data, field non-edited data, raw data, tentative method of testing for hydrogen sulfide in natural gas using length of stain tubes, combined sample log, report on reservoir fluids study, well test analysis, analysis of solids samples from primary zone, chemical analysis procedures, scale and corrosion evaluation, laboratory report on scale deposits, and sand detector strip charts. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1981
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Literature review of the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on OTEC heat exchangers

Description: An investigation of available data on the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) heat exchangers has been carried out. Pertinent oceanographic data is lacking at or near potential OTEC sites for the calculation of the degree of saturation of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate. Consequently, only ''extrapolated'' saturation values can be used. These indicate that near surfa… more
Date: April 5, 1978
Creator: Morse, J. W.; de Kanel, J. & Craig, Jr., H. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction

Description: Four appendices are included. The first covers applications of low-temperature geothermal energy including industrial processes, agricultural and related processes, district heating and cooling, and miscellaneous. The second discusses hydrogeologic factors affecting the design and construction of low-temperature geothermal wells: water quality, withdrawal rate, water depth, water temperature, basic well designs, and hydrogeologic provinces. In the third appendix, properties of metallic and nonm… more
Date: December 1, 1979
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Study of brine treatment. Final report

Description: Available information pertinent to the treatment of geothermal brines was collected by literature search and then evaluated and summarized for use by the electric utility and geothermal industries. The information was screened from the geothermal, oil and gas, wastewater disposal, and boiler water treatment industries. The current state of knowledge and methodology concerning the treatment of geothermal brines to control scaling and corrosion in geothermal electric power production was assessed… more
Date: November 1, 1977
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Shawnee test program: TVA Shawnee Test Facility. Technical progress report, April 6-May 6, 1981

Description: The test obtective for April was to evaluate sodium thiosulfate in limestone scrubber slurry as inhibitor of sulfite oxidation. The resulting effect on saturation levels of calcium sulfate (CaSO/sub 4/.2 H/sub 2/O; gypsum) and scaling in the system was of prime importance. As an antioxidant, S/sub 2/O/sub 3//sup =/ functions as a scale inhibitor by reducing SO/sub 4//sup =/, a known scale former. To meet the test objective, the scrubber was operated in a scaling mode as a base case; finally, th… more
Date: November 5, 1981
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrodynamic/kinetic reactions in liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Final report

Description: A mobile geothermal well-site test unit at the Mercer 2 well in South Brawley, California (Imperial Valley), was constructed and tested. The equipment controlled, monitored, and recorded all process conditions of single- and dual-flash power cycles. Single- and two-phase flashed brine effluents were flowed through piping component test sections to provide hydrodynamic/kinetic data for scale formation. The unit operated at flowrates in excess of 200 gpm and is designed to accommodate flowrates u… more
Date: April 1, 1982
Creator: Nesewich, J.P. & Gracey, C.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Relationship of regional water quality to aquifer thermal energy storage

Description: Ground-water quality and associated geologic characteristics may affect the feasibility of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system development in any hydrologic region. This study sought to determine the relationship between ground-water quality parameters and the regional potential for ATES system development. Information was collected from available literature to identify chemical and physical mechanisms that could adversely affect an ATES system. Appropriate beneficiation techniques to … more
Date: November 1, 1983
Creator: Allen, R.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Testing geopressured geothermal reservoirs in existing wells. Wells of Opportunity Program final contract report, 1980-1981

Description: The geopressured-geothermal candidates for the Wells of Opportunity program were located by the screening of published information on oil industry activity and through direct contact with the oil and gas operators. This process resulted in the recommendation to the DOE of 33 candidate wells for the program. Seven of the 33 recommended wells were accepted for testing. Of these seven wells, six were actually tested. The first well, the No. 1 Kennedy, was acquired but not tested. The seventh well,… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

General Chemistry Division quarterly report, July--September 1977

Description: Analytical research and development work is reported on multielement analysis, time-resolved spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis, ionization potential of NP, excited state chemistry, polarized x ray sources, potentiometric titration of Na, determination of TATB in DMSO, determination of nitrobenzene in TATB, analysis of explosive composites, mass spectrometer automation, mass spectra calculation, solids formation in geothermal brine, water quality laboratory automation, aerosol coagulation, and… more
Date: November 30, 1977
Creator: Harrar, J.E. (ed.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical study of boundary layer injection as a scale control method

Description: A boundary layer injection method of controlling scale-buildup in geothermal two-phase flow nozzles is studied. The object of this study is to set an upper limit on the ratio of the injected mass flow rate to the free stream mass flow rate that is necessary to isolate the scale carrying free stream flow from the nozzle wall. In order to develop a numerical model of the boundary layer flow, assumptions are made which reduce the results to order of magnitude approximations. Two configurations of … more
Date: September 26, 1975
Creator: Feiereisen, W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Geothermal drilling and completion technology development program. Quarterly progress report, January-March 1980

Description: The progress, status, and results of ongoing Research and Development (R and D) within the Geothermal Drilling and Completion Technology Development Program are described. The program emphasizes the development of geothermal drilling hardware, drilling fluids, completion technology, and lost circulation control methods. Advanced drilling systems are also under development. The goals of the program are to develop the technology required to reduce well costs by 25% by 1983 and by 50% by 1987.
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Varnado, S.G. (ed.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Field tests to determine scaling tendency of some moderate-temperature geothermal brines

Description: Several field tests were completed to determine the scaling tendency of moderate-temperature geothermal brines. Data were taken on the Heber as well as the East Mesa Known-Geothermal-Resources-Areas (KGRA's). The test results most directly benefit the Heber Geothermal Binary Demonstration Plant, but some have been generalized to be useful for other moderate-temperature (302 to 460/sup 0/F (150 to 239/sup 0/C)) geothermal reservoirs also. Field experiments determined conditions under which calci… more
Date: September 1, 1986
Creator: Robertus, R.J.; Sullivan, R.G. & Shannon, D.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Plant monitoring techniques and second generation designs

Description: Chemical and instrumental monitoring techniques suitable for geothermal use are described in a manner to relate them to plant operational problems and downtime avoidance. The use of these techniques permits the detection of scaling, the onset of scaling, corrosion loss, current corrosion rates and incipient heat exchanger failure. Conceptual advances are noted which simplify the research techniques to approaches that should be usable even in some low-capital well-head type power plants. 10 refs… more
Date: March 1, 1985
Creator: Kindle, C.H.; Shannon, D.W.; Robertus, R.J.; Pierce, D.D. & Sullivan, R.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization of geothermal solid wastes

Description: The compositions of 5 major types of geothermal wastes have been determined, and samples have been subjected to EPA recommended extraction tests to determine if they contain toxic metals that would classify the wastes as hazardous. Of the samples tested, the extracts of geothermal brines clearly contain levels of As, Ba and Pb exceeding the maximum allowed concentrations that characterize wastes as toxic. Only one other waste type, geothermal scale, exhibited EP toxicity. Pb was found in the ex… more
Date: July 1, 1981
Creator: Morris, W.F. & Stephens, F.B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review and problem definition of water/rock reactions associated with injection of spent geothermal fluids from a geothermal plant into aquifers

Description: Among the technical problems faced by the burgeoning geothermal industry is the disposal of spent fluids from power plants. Except in unusual circumstances the normal practice, especially in the USA, is to pump these spent fluids into injection wells to prevent contamination of surface waters, and possibly in some cases, to reduce pressure drawdown in the producing aquifers. This report is a survey of experience in geothermal injection, emphasizing geochemical problems, and a discussion of appr… more
Date: July 1, 1986
Creator: Elders, W. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technical study for the chemical cleaning of Dresden-1. Volume I, Section 1 and 2

Description: A feasibility study has been completed to decontaminate the primary system of the Dresden-1 Nuclear Power Unit operated by Commonwealth Edison Company of Illinois. Available data initially were searched to determine the state of the art. Solvents based on organic acids and chelates gave unsatisfactory deontamination factors or unacceptable corrosion rates when evaluated for cleaning of specimens from the Dresden-1 primary system, under static and dynamic conditions. A new proprietary cleaning s… more
Date: June 15, 1977
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on geothermal chemistry and advanced instrumentation

Description: Research at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) focuses on long-term geothermal power plant reliability. Past work concentrated on development of continuous high-temperature probes for monitoring process variables. PNL also completed a comprehensive handbook of brine treatment processes as they relate to injection well longevity. A recently completed study analyzed corrosion in the hydrocarbon system of a binary cycle plant. Over the two-year monitoring period, corrosion rates were less than… more
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Robertus, R.J.; Shannon, D.W.; Sullivan, R.G.; Kindle, C.H. & Pool, K.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemistry of silica in Cerro Prieto brines

Description: The precipitation of amorphous silica from synthetic geothermal brines which resemble the flashed brine at Cerro Prieto has been studied. It was found that part of the dissolved silica quickly polymerizes to form suspended colloidal silica. The colloidal silica flocculates and settles slowly at unmodified brine pH values near 7.35. Raising the pH of the brine to about 7.8 by adding base and stirring for a few minutes causes rapid and complete flocculation and settling. These results have been c… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Weres, O.; Tsao, L. & Iglesias, E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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