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Dependence in probabilistic modeling, Dempster-Shafer theory, and probability bounds analysis.

Description: This report summarizes methods to incorporate information (or lack of information) about inter-variable dependence into risk assessments that use Dempster-Shafer theory or probability bounds analysis to address epistemic and aleatory uncertainty. The report reviews techniques for simulating correlated variates for a given correlation measure and dependence model, computation of bounds on distribution functions under a specified dependence model, formulation of parametric and empirical dependenc… more
Date: October 1, 2004
Creator: Oberkampf, William Louis; Tucker, W. Troy (Applied Biomathematics, Setauket, NY); Zhang, Jianzhong (Iowa State University, Ames, IA); Ginzburg, Lev (Applied Biomathematics, Setauket, NY); Berleant, Daniel J. (Iowa State University, Ames, IA); Ferson, Scott (Applied Biomathematics, Setauket, NY) et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A classification scheme for risk assessment methods.

Description: This report presents a classification scheme for risk assessment methods. This scheme, like all classification schemes, provides meaning by imposing a structure that identifies relationships. Our scheme is based on two orthogonal aspects--level of detail, and approach. The resulting structure is shown in Table 1 and is explained in the body of the report. Each cell in the Table represent a different arrangement of strengths and weaknesses. Those arrangements shift gradually as one moves through… more
Date: August 1, 2004
Creator: Stamp, Jason Edwin & Campbell, Philip LaRoche
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental analysis of endocrine disrupting effects from hydrocarbon contaminants in the ecosystem. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'The objective of this project is to determine how environmental contaminants, namely hydrocarbons, can act as hormones or anti-hormones (i.e., environmental hormones) in different species present in aquatic ecosystems. Species of particular focus are those which can serve as sentinel species (e.g., amphibians) and, thus, provide early warning signals for more widespread impacts on an ecosystem and its wildlife and human inhabitants. This reports the progress of 1.5 years of a three-year grant … more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: McLachlan, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mechanism involved in trichloroethylene-induced liver cancer: Importance to environmental cleanup. 1997 annual progress report

Description: 'The Pacific Northwest National Lab. was awarded ten (10) Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) research grants in Fiscal Year 1996. This section gives a summary of how each grant is addressing significant DOE cleanup issues, including those at the Hanford Site. The technical progress made to date in each of these research projects is addressed in more detail in the individual progress reports contained in this document. This research is primarily focused in three areas-Tank Waste Rem… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Bull, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmentally-induced malignancies: An in vivo model to evaluate the health impact of chemicals in mixed waste. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'Increased risk of malignancy following exposure to genotoxic agents in the environment is a major public concern. Exposure to radiation, benzene, and organic solvents is associated with an increased risk of leukemia; however the mechanism of leukemogenesis is unknown. The authors postulate that chemical(s) that increase the rate of genomic instability and induce hematotoxicity will promote accumulation of genetically-damaged hematopoietic stem cells (hsc), and thus contribute towards developme… more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Pallavicini, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental analysis of endocrine disrupting effects from hydrocarbon contaminants in the ecosystem. 1997 annual progress report

Description: 'The overall objective of the basic research grant is to characterize the potential of common hydrocarbon contaminants in ecosystems to act as endocrine disruptors. The three major lines of research include (1) a biotechnology based screening system to identify potential hormone mimics and antagonists; (2) an animal screening system to identify biomarkers of endocrine effects. and (3) a literature review to identify compounds at a variety of DOE sites that need to be examined for endocrine disr… more
Date: January 1, 1997
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Environmentally-induced malignancies: An in vivo model to evaluate the health impact of chemicals in mixed waste. 1997 annual progress report

Description: 'Occupational or environmental exposure to organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls is linked to increased risk of developing leukemia, a blood cancer. The long term health effects of exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals and radionuclides are of particular concern because their biologic effects may synergize to increase risk of malignancy. Increased understanding of steps in the progression pathway of a normal cell to a cancer cell is important for biomon… more
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Pallavicini, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mechanism involved in trichloroethylene-induced liver cancer: Importance to environmental cleanup. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'The objective of this project is to develop critical data for changing risk-based clean-up standards for trichloroethylene (TCE). The project is organized around two interrelated tasks: Task 1 addresses the tumorigenic and dosimetry issues for the metabolites of TCE that produce liver cancer in mice, dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA). Early work had suggested that TCA was primarily responsible for TCE-induced liver tumors, but several, more mechanistic observations suggest that … more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Bull, R.J.; Thrall, B.D.; Sasser, L.B.; Miller, J.H. & Schultz, I.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Improved risk estimates for carbon tetrachloride. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'The overall purpose of these studies is to improve the scientific basis for assessing the cancer risk associated with human exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Specifically, the toxicokinetics of inhaled carbon tetrachloride is being determined in rats, mice and hamsters. Species differences in the metabolism of carbon tetrachloride by rats, mice and hamsters is being determined in vivo and in vitro using tissues and microsomes from these rodent species and man. Dose-response relationships will … more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Benson, Janet M.; Springer, David L. & Thrall, Karla D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An overview of the evolution of human reliability analysis in the context of probabilistic risk assessment.

Description: Since the Reactor Safety Study in the early 1970's, human reliability analysis (HRA) has been evolving towards a better ability to account for the factors and conditions that can lead humans to take unsafe actions and thereby provide better estimates of the likelihood of human error for probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent reviews of operational events and advances in the behavioral sciences that have impacted the evolution of HRA … more
Date: January 1, 2009
Creator: Bley, Dennis C. (Buttonwood Consulting Inc., Oakton, VA); Lois, Erasmia (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC); Kolaczkowski, Alan M. (Science Applications International Corporation, Eugene, OR); Forester, John Alan; Wreathall, John (John Wreathall and Co., Dublin, OH) & Cooper, Susan E. (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Uncertainty Quantification in CO{sub 2} Sequestration Using Surrogate Models from Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Description: In this paper, surrogate models are iteratively built using polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and detailed numerical simulations of a carbon sequestration system. Output variables from a numerical simulator are approximated as polynomial functions of uncertain parameters. Once generated, PCE representations can be used in place of the numerical simulator and often decrease simulation times by several orders of magnitude. However, PCE models are expensive to derive unless the number of terms in t… more
Date: April 6, 2013
Creator: Zhang, Yan & Sahinidis, Nikolaos V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Abrupt Climate Change: Summary and Findings

Description: This report summary outlines brief answers to four questions about climate change. Will there be an abrupt change in sea level? Will there be an abrupt change in the hydrologic cycle? Will there be an abrupt change in the atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)? Will there be abrupt change in atmospheric methane?
Date: 2008
Creator: Climate Change Science Program (U.S.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Pamphlet
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Comparison of the bioavailability of elemental waste laden soils using in vivo and in vitro analytical methodology and refinement of exposure/dose models. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'The authors hypotheses are: (1) the more closely the synthetic, in vitro, extractant mimics the extraction properties of the human digestive bio-fluids, the more accurate will be the estimate of an internal dose; (2) performance can be evaluated by in vivo studies with a rat model and quantitative examination of a mass balance, calculation and dose estimates from model simulations for the in vitro and in vivo system; and (3) the concentration of the elements Pb, Cd, Cr and selected Radionuclid… more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Lioy, P.J.; Gallo, M.; Georgopoulos, P.; Tate, R. & Buckley, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development and application of the dynamic system doctor to nuclear reactor probabilistic risk assessments.

Description: This LDRD project has produced a tool that makes probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) of nuclear reactors - analyses which are very resource intensive - more efficient. PRAs of nuclear reactors are being increasingly relied on by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.N.R.C.) for licensing decisions for current and advanced reactors. Yet, PRAs are produced much as they were 20 years ago. The work here applied a modern systems analysis technique to the accident progression analysi… more
Date: May 1, 2008
Creator: Kunsman, David Marvin; Aldemir, Tunc (Ohio State University); Rutt, Benjamin (Ohio State University); Metzroth, Kyle (Ohio State University); Catalyurek, Umit (Ohio State University); Denning, Richard (Ohio State University) et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The effects of emotional states and traits on risky decision-making.

Description: Understanding the role of emotional states is critical for predicting the kind of decisions people will make in risky situations. Currently, there is little understanding as to how emotion influences decision-making in situations such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, pandemics, and combat. To help address this, we used behavioral and neuroimaging methods to examine how emotion states and traits influence decisions. Specifically, this study used a wheel of fortune behavioral task and fun… more
Date: December 1, 2006
Creator: Bernard, Michael Lewis & Smith, Bruce W., 1959- (,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM-)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of Simplified Probabilistic Risk Assessment Model for Seismic Initiating Event

Description: ABSTRACT This paper discusses a simplified method to evaluate seismic risk using a methodology built on dividing the seismic intensity spectrum into multiple discrete bins. The seismic probabilistic risk assessment model uses Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) full power Standardized Plant Analysis Risk (SPAR) model as the starting point for development. The seismic PRA models are integrated with their respective internal events at-power SPAR model. This is accomplished by combining the mo… more
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: Khericha, S.; Buell, R.; Sancaktar, S.; Gonzalez, M. & Ferrante, F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A novel biomarker for beryllium sensitization in humans. 1998 annual progress report

Description: 'Beryllium reactive T-lymphocytes can be used as an indicator of sensitization. Traditionally, their presence is detected by an in vitro proliferation assay. However, this test is capricious (results varying from day to day in the same laboratory) and insensitive (rarely positive before clinical symptoms ). The objective of this project is to obtain and characterize beryllium reactive T-cells from peripheral blood using the hprt T-cell mutation assay. T-cells are selected on the basis of their … more
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Albertini, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A novel biomarker for beryllium sensitization in humans. 1997 annual progress report

Description: 'Overall, this project is designed to identify the beryllium reactive T-cell clones that are proliferating in vivo in individuals sensitized to beryllium. The basic method for identifying such clones is the hprt T-cell mutation assay. The rationale is that in vivo proliferating T-lymphocytes are more likely to undergo hprt mutations and/or be included in hprt mutant fractions of T-cells isolated from peripheral blood. T-lymphocytes isolated as hprt mutants from beryllium sensitized individuals … more
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Albertini, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Risk-assessment methodology for fast breeder reactors

Description: The methods applied or proposed for risk assessment of nuclear reactors are reviewed, particularly with respect to their applicability for risk assessment of future commercial fast breeder reactors. All methods are based on the calculation of accident consequences for relatively few accident scenarios. The role and general impact of uncertainties in fast-reactor accident analysis are discussed. The discussion shows the need for improvement of the methodology. A generalized and improved risk-ass… more
Date: April 1976
Creator: Ott, Karl O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemical analyses of soil samples collected from the vicinity of the thermal test complex at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico environs, 2006.

Description: In the summer of 2006, the Environmental Programs and Assurance Department of Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico (SNL/NM), collected surface soil samples at 37 locations within one mile of the vicinity of the newly constructed Thermal Test Complex (TTC) for the purpose of determining baseline conditions against which potential future impacts to the environs from operations at the facility could be assessed. These samples were submitted to an offsite analytical laboratory fo… more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: Miller, Mark Laverne & Nieto, Danielle M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Probability of loss of assured safety in temperature dependent systems with multiple weak and strong links.

Description: Relationships to determine the probability that a weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) safety system will fail to function as intended in a fire environment are investigated. In the systems under study, failure of the WL system before failure of the SL system is intended to render the overall system inoperational and thus prevent the possible occurrence of accidents with potentially serious consequences. Formal developments of the probability that the WL system fails to deactivate the overall system… more
Date: December 1, 2004
Creator: Johnson, Jay Dean (ProStat, Mesa, AZ); Oberkampf, William Louis & Helton, Jon Craig (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cancer Risk Assessment: Should New Science be Applied? Workgroup summary

Description: OAK-B135 A symposium discussing the implications of certain phenomena observed in radiation biology for cancer risk assessment in general. In July of 2002 a workshop was convened that explored some of the intercellular phenomena that appear to condition responses to carcinogen exposure. Effects that result from communication between cells that appear to either increase the sphere of damage or to modify the sensitivity of cells to further damage were of particular interest. Much of the discussio… more
Date: December 15, 2002
Creator: Bull, Richard J. & Brooks, Antone L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Behavior of Irradiated Metallic Fuel Elements Exposed to Nuclear Excursion in TREAT

Description: In fast reactor safety studies, it is imperative to know the effects of temperature excursions on the fuel elements. Previous controlled out-of-pile experiments on the behavior of uranium fuel elements under meltdown or near-meltdown conditions have been performed using direct electrical resistance heating or furnace heating. As a step toward obtaining more complete information on reactivity effects accompanying fuel meltdown, the behavior of irradiated EBR II and Fermi A samples under transien… more
Date: November 1963
Creator: Monaweck, J. H.; Dickerman, Charles Edward, 1932- & Sowa, E. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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