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in subjects: "Organs"

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Oil shale health and environment research

While there have been sporadic efforts to demonstrate certain shale oil extraction technologies in recent years, none of the techniques have been thoroughly analyzed to determine the extent of potential occupational health impacts and even those technologies that have been demonstrated cannot be regarded as typical of a scaled-up, fully mature industry. Industrial hygiene studies have served to identify operations within certain technologies where mitigating methods can and should be applied to… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Holland, L.M. & Tillery, M.I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Damage and repair of irradiated mammalian brain

We have demonstrated that focal charged particle irradiation of the rabbit brain can create well-defined lesions which are observable by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques. These are similar, in terms of location and characteristic NMR and PET features, to those that occur in the brain of about 10% of clinical research human subjects, who have been treated for intracranial vascular malformations with stereotactic radiosurgery. Thes… more

Date: July 1, 1989

Creator: Frankel, K.; Lo, E.; Phillips, M.; Fabrikant, J.; Brennan, K.; Valk, P. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Tuning system for capacitively loaded 1/4 accelerating cavity

The Brookhaven National Laboratory NSLS x-ray and vuv rings currently use capacitively loaded lambda/4 rf accelerating cavities. These cavities are manufactured from copper clad plate steel and require a tuning system with a considerable range. Three separate tuning systems are provided, each having its own specific problems and interactions occur between the three systems. A single capacitive tuning system is proposed which will vary the capacitance loading of the cavity directly. The system e… more

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: McKenzie-Wilson, R.B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Physiopathology of blood platelets: a model system for studies of cell-to-cell interaction. Progress report, November 1, 1978-October 31, 1979

In this report, we will limit ourselves to the detailed description of four major sections of our research done during the past year: platelet interaction with tumor cells; studies of the interaction of platelets with macrophages; interaction of platelets with vessel walls; and further studies of cyclic nucleotides on stored platelets.

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Baldini, M G

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The role of intestinal injury in hematopoietic gamma ray mortality

Leukemia patients typically have low granulocyte counts as do those with aplastic anemia. A review of the literature on these latter patients quickly indicates that they live much longer than leukemic patients with the same counts. To check this numerically, the survival times for 12 aplastic anemia patients reported in 1934 were compared with the expected survival times for more recent patients using methods employed to compute the probabilities. On the average, the aplastic anemia patients li… more

Date: December 1, 1987

Creator: Broyles, A. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Internally deposited fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident

In our work with about 100 subjects resident in eastern Europe (mostly Poland) at the time of the Chernobyl reactor accident or traveling as tourists, /sup 131/I was readily detectable in the thyroid through mid-June, 1986, and was detectable in some subjects as late as early July, 9 to 10 weeks after the start of the accident. Among 42 subjects who were in eastern Europe on April 26, 1986, and in whom /sup 131/I was detectable, the median activity in the thyroid was 1.4 nCi at the time of meas… more

Date: January 1, 1987

Creator: Schlenker, R.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Molecular mechanism by which cyclic amp regulates myocardial contractility

From these experiments, it appears that the phosphorylated 22,000 dalton protein does not regulate the transport properties of the ATPase. Instead phosphorylation of the 22,000 dalton protein causes it to become buried in the membrane, transporting Ca/sup 2 +/ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thereby, elevating the Ca/sup 2 +/ concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum available for release to the myofibrils.

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Bidlack, J. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Distribution of /sup 241/Am in the human body as determined by external counting

Methods for determining the distribution of /sup 241/Am within the body of a contaminated subject and their application to several cases under study at the Center for Human Radiobiology are described. In general, /sup 241/Am is found in the lungs even at long times after inhalation, and systemic /sup 241/Am is observed to deposit in the liver and to label the skeleton in a fairly uniform manner; similar findings have been reported in animal studies (L172). Further analysis of the skeletal distr… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Toohey, R.E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

New cholescintigraphic agent: ruthenium-97-DISIDA

These studies demonstrate the first application of Ru-97-DISIDA in human subjects. High quality images were obtained. Scintigraphic findings in patients with hepatobiliary disorders were consistent with the biodistribution data obtained in experinmental animals and with other imaging procedures and clinical findings. Administration of Ru-97-DISIDA I.V. and of a solid test meal labeled with Tc-99m-Sulfur Colloid allowed simulateneous detection and quantification of deodenogastric reflux and dete… more

Date: June 1, 1986

Creator: Zanzi, I.; Srivastava, S.C.; Meinken, G,E.; Robeson, W.; Mausner, L.F.; Fairchild, R.G. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Estimates of radiation doses in tissue and organs and risk of excess cancer in the single-course radiotherapy patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis in England and Wales

The estimates of absorbed doses of x rays and excess risk of cancer in bone marrow and heavily irradiated sites are extremely crude and are based on very limited data and on a number of assumptions. Some of these assumptions may later prove to be incorrect, but it is probable that they are correct to within a factor of 2. The excess cancer risk estimates calculated compare well with the most reliable epidemiological surveys thus far studied. This is particularly important for cancers of heavily… more

Date: February 1, 1982

Creator: Fabrikant, J.I. & Lyman, J.T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Functional imaging of the brain with/sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose

A techniques is reported by which it is possible to determine which regions of the human brain become functionally active in response to a specific stimulus. The method utilizes /sup 18/F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((/sup 18/F)-FDG) administered as a bolus. (/sup 18/F)-FDG is used as a tracer for the exchange of glucose between plasma and brain and its phosphorylation. The subject is then scanned during administration of a physiologic stimulus by position emission tomography and the three-dimensio… more

Date: 1980~

Creator: Reivich, M.; Greenberg, J.; Alavi, A.; Hand, P.; Rintelmann, W.; Rosenquist, A. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

In vivo monitoring of toxic metals: assessment of neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence techniques

To date, cadmium, lead, aluminum, and mercury have been measured in vivo in humans. The possibilities of monitoring other toxic metals have also been demonstrated, but no human studies have been performed. Neutron activation analysis appears to be most suitable for Cd and Al measurements, while x-ray fluorescence is ideally suited for measurement of lead in superficial bone. Filtered neutron beams and polarized x-ray sources are being developed which will improve in vivo detection limits. Even … more

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Ellis, K.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Health effects in women exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation

There are three delayed health effects of radiation which appear at the present time to have importance to women in radiation protection. These are: (1) the probability of cancer-induction at low doses and low-dose rates; (2) the consideration of those cancers in women, notably the breast and the thyroid, attributable to radiation exposure; and (3) the probability of induction of developmental abnormalities in the newborn following low-dose exposure in utero. The bases for the concern over thes… more

Date: June 1, 1982

Creator: Fabrikant, Jacob I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Derivation of dose conversion factors for tritium

For a given intake mode (ingestion, inhalation, absorption through the skin), a dose conversion factor (DCF) is the committed dose equivalent to a specified organ of an individual per unit intake of a radionuclide. One also may consider the effective dose commitment per unit intake, which is a weighted average of organ-specific DCFs, with weights proportional to risks associated with stochastic radiation-induced fatal health effects, as defined by Publication 26 of the International Commission … more

Date: March 1, 1982

Creator: Killough, G. G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation of models for assessing compliance with environmental radiation regulations

The use of environmental transport and dosimetry models to predict the consequences of radionuclide releases from nuclear facilities is discussed. It is pointed out that many input parameters, and hence the predictions, of these models have a high degree of variability. The determination of the uncertainties of the predictions of these models is essential for assessing the adequacy of their use to ensure compliance with radiation protection standards. Estimation of the depletion of an airborne … more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Hoffman, F. O.; Shaeffer, D. L.; Miller, C. W. & Garten C. T. Jr.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Use of AERIN code for determining internal doses of transuranic isotopes

The AERIN computer code is a mathematical expression of the ICRP Lung Model. The code was developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to compute the body organ burdens and absorbed radiation doses resulting from the inhalation of transuranic isotopes and to predict the amount of activity excreted in the urine and feces as a function of time. Over forty cases of internal exposure have been studied using the AERIN code. The code, as modified, has proven to be extremely versatile. The … more

Date: June 13, 1980

Creator: King, W.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Elemental concentrations in bones from an ancient Egyptian mummy and from a recent man

Differences in elemental concentrations in bones taken from an ancient Egyptian mummy and a contemporary man were investigated by using proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Remarkable differences were noticed in the Fe/Ca and Pb/Ca relative concentrations, which were consistently higher in the contemporary man. 5 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Date: June 1, 1986

Creator: Cholewa, M.; Kwiatek, W. M.; Jones, K. W.; Schidlovsky, G.; Paschoa, A. S.; Miller, S. C. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Scale-up of miscible flood processes

Results of a wide-ranging investigation of the scaling of the physical mechanisms of miscible floods are reported. Advanced techniques for analysis of crude oils are considered in Chapter 2. Application of supercritical fluid chromatography is demonstrated for characterization of crude oils for equation-of-state calculations of phase equilibrium. Results of measurements of crude oil and phase compositions by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are also reported. The theory of development o… more

Date: May 1, 1992

Creator: Orr, F. M., Jr.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Physiological imaging with PET and SPECT in Dementia

Dementia is a medical problem of increasingly obvious importance. The most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for at least 50% of all cases of dementia, with multi-infarct dementia the next most common cause of the syndrome. While the accuracy of diagnosis of AD may range from 80 to 90%, there is currently no laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis. Functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (… more

Date: October 1, 1989

Creator: Jagust, W.J. (California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States). Dept. of Neurology Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

SFACTOR: a computer code for calculating dose equivalent to a target organ per microcurie-day residence of a radionuclide in a source organ

A computer code SFACTOR was developed to estimate the average dose equivalent S (rem/..mu..Ci-day) to each of a specified list of target organs per microcurie-day residence of a radionuclide in source organs in man. Source and target organs of interest are specified in the input data stream, along with the nuclear decay information. The SFACTOR code computes components of the dose equivalent rate from each type of decay present for a particular radionuclide, including alpha, electron, and gamma… more

Date: November 1, 1977

Creator: Dunning, D. E., Jr.; Pleasant, J. C. & Killough, G. G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Radiolabeled red blood cells: status, problems, and prospects

Radionuclidic labels for red cells can be divided into two main categories - cohort or pulse labels, and random labels. The random labels are incorporated into circulating cells of all ages and the labeling process is usually carried out in vitro. The red cell labels in predominant use involve random labeling and employ technetium-99m, chromium-51, indium-111, and gallium-68, roughly in that order. The extent of usefulness depends on the properties of the label such as the half-life, decay mode… more

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: Srivastava, S.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Pacific Northwest Laboratory ALARA report for CY 1990

This report provides summary results of the CY 1990 ALARA Program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Information has been included regarding whole-body exposures to radiation, skin contaminations, and the nonradiological ALARA program.

Date: May 1, 1992

Creator: Ceffalo, G. M.; Oxley, C. L. & Wright, P. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Status of health and environmental research relative to direct coal liquefaction: 1976 to the present

This document describes the status of health and environmental research efforts, supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), to assist in the development of environmentally acceptable coal liquefaction processes. Four major direct coal liquefaction processes are currently in (or have been investigated at) the pilot plant stage of development. Two solvent refined coal processes (SRC-I and -II), H-coal (a catalytic liquefaction process) and Exxon donor solvent (EDS). The Pacific Northwest Lab… more

Date: June 1, 1982

Creator: Gray, R.H. & Cowser, K.E. (eds.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Estimates of internal-dose equivalent from inhalation and ingestion of selected radionuclides

This report presents internal radiation dose conversion factors for radionuclides of interest in environmental assessments of nuclear fuel cycles. This volume provides an updated summary of estimates of committed dose equivalent for radionuclides considered in three previous Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reports. Intakes by inhalation and ingestion are considered. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Task Group Lung Model has been used to simulate the deposition… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Dunning, D.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department