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in subjects: "Mineral Wastes"

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Opportunities for coal to methanol conversion

The accumulations of mining residues in the anthracite coal regions of Pennsylvania offer a unique opportunity to convert the coal content into methanol that could be utilized in that area as an alternative to gasoline or to extend the supplies through blending. Additional demand may develop through the requirements of public utility gas turbines located in that region. The cost to run this refuse through coal preparation plants may result in a clean coal at about $17.00 per ton. After gasifica… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Design, construction, operation, and evaluation of a prototype culm combustion boiler/heater unit. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 21, 1981

This report provides a summary of the work performed on the Prototype Culm Combustion Boiler/Heater Unit, Phase I - Engineering Design and Analysis, Phase II - Prototype Plant Construction and Phase III - Start-Up and Operation during the period October 1, 1981 through December 31, 1981. The objectives of the program as well as the technical progress and problem areas encountered during the reporting period are presented. Seven shakedown tests were run. Start-up and shakedown testing was comple… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Utilization of coal associated minerals. Quarterly report No. 10, January 1-March 31, 1980

In the preceding quarterly report, it was reported that while sampling the Solvent Refined Coal II (SRC II) pilot plant at Fort Lewis, Washington, the plant went down and vacuum bottoms waste material representing the minerals flow at the last steady state condition were obtained. This plant has been sampled again and samples of the incoming feed coal, sized coal and vacuum bottoms waste material were obtained. As part of our effort to trace the same mineral suite through mining, preparation an… more

Date: July 15, 1980

Creator: Slonaker, J. F.; Buttermore, W. H.; Carlisle, J. A.; Durham, D. L.; Muter, R. B. & Alderman, J. K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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300 Area Process Trench Sediment Analysis Report

This report describes the results of a sampling program for the sediments underlying the Process Trenches serving the 300 Area on the Hanford reservation. These Process Trenches were the subject of a Closure Plan submitted to the Washington State Department of Ecology and to the US Environmental Protection Agency in lieu of a Part B permit application on November 8, 1985. The closure plan described a proposed sampling plan for the underlying sediments and potential remedial actions to be determ… more

Date: December 1, 1987

Creator: Zimmerman, M.G. & Kossik, C.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fossil Energy Environmental Project. Annual report, FY 1977

During the past year the Fossil Energy Environmental Project has provided technical support to the Fossil Energy Program Administration of the Department of Energy (DOE/FE) in its coal conversion demonstration program. Work was focused in four principal areas: environmental assessment; guidance to demonstration plant contractors regarding environmental obligations; experimental studies of stored solids from coal conversion; and interactive assistance to contractors regarding environmental monit… more

Date: April 1, 1978

Creator: Braunstein, H.M. (ed.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Final evaluation of PETC coal conversion solid and hazardous wastes. Final report, September 15, 1977-November 30, 1979. [PETC's own operations]

Hazards and pollutional impacts from residuals generated at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center are explained in the context of hazardous waste regulations proposed by the federal government (RCRA). Nine hazard characteristics are defined and an overview of their significance to PETC is presented. Pollutional impacts on air, water and land are discussed in the energy research perspective. Legislative and statutory relationships between the Center and local, county, state and federal enforce… more

Date: August 1, 1979

Creator: Neufeld, R. D.; Shapiro, M. & Bern, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Inventory of federally-funded projects and programs related to anthracite

This report is a compilation of descriptions of federal projects and programs that are concerned in some way with anthracite. It is the first inventory of its type to be prepared. Among the projects and programs described are those completed in the latter half of 1979, those that are currently active, and others that will start soon. Of the 43 projects described, 8 involve research, development, and demonstration (RD and D) of technologies aimed at enhancing the use of anthracite or anthracite … more

Date: June 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Mineralization for High Organic and Nitrate Waste Streams for the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

Waste streams that may be generated by the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) Advanced Energy Initiative may contain significant quantities of organics (0-53 wt%) and/or nitrates (0-56 wt%). Decomposition of high nitrate streams requires reducing conditions, e.g. organic additives such as sugar or coal, to reduce the NO{sub x} in the off-gas to N{sub 2} to meet the Clean Air Act (CAA) standards during processing. Thus, organics will be present during waste form stabilization regardless of… more

Date: January 11, 2008

Creator: Jantzen, Carol M. & Williams, M. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING ENABLING ORGANIC HIGH LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL

Waste streams planned for generation by the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) and existing radioactive High Level Waste (HLW) streams containing organic compounds such as the Tank 48H waste stream at Savannah River Site have completed simulant and radioactive testing, respectfully, by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). GNEP waste streams will include up to 53 wt% organic compounds and nitrates up to 56 wt%. Decomposition of high nitrate streams requires reducing conditions, e.g. … more

Date: May 9, 2008

Creator: Williams, M

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Using Helicopter Electromagnetic Surveys to Identify Potential Hazards at Mine Waste Impoundments

In July 2003, helicopter electromagnetic surveys were conducted at 14 coal waste impoundments in southern West Virginia. The purpose of the surveys was to detect conditions that could lead to impoundment failure either by structural failure of the embankment or by the flooding of adjacent or underlying mine works. Specifically, the surveys attempted to: 1) identify saturated zones within the mine waste, 2) delineate filtrate flow paths through the embankment or into adjacent strata and receivin… more

Date: January 1, 2008

Creator: Hammack, R. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Mineralization of Radioactive Wastes by Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR): Comparisons to Vitreous Waste Forms, and Pertinent Durability Testing

The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to generate a document for the Washington State Department of Ecology and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that would cover the following topics: (1) A description of the mineral structures produced by Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) of Hanford type Low Activity Waste (LAW including LAWR which is LAW melter recycle waste) waste, especially the cage structured minerals and how they are formed. (2) How the cage structured mi… more

Date: December 26, 2008

Creator: Jantzen, Carol M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Disposal and reclamation of southwestern coal and uranium wastes

The types of solid wastes and effluents produced by the southwestern coal and uranium mining and milling industries are considered, and the current methods for the disposal and reclamation of these materials discussed. The major means of disposing of the solid wastes from both industries is by land fill or in some instances ponding. Sludges or aqueous wastes are normally discharged into settling and evaporative ponds. Basic reclamation measures for nearly all coal and uranium waste disposal sit… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Wewerka, E. M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Control technology strategies for coal preparation waste drainages

The purpose of this project is to investigate in the laboratory the options available for treating high-sulfur coal refuse materials either at the preparation plant or during disposal to prevent or reduce subsequent releases of environmentally harmful trace elements during waste dump weathering and leaching. Such control technology might include (1) chemical or physical processing to remove the undesirable elements from the refuse or treating the refuse materials to immobilize these elements; (… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Wagner, P.; Williams, J. M.; Bertino, J. P.; Wangen, L. E.; Wanek, P. L. & Jones, M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Assessment of trace element contamination of the drainages from coal cleaning wastes

The mineral wastes produced by coal cleaning contain an abundance of toxic or potentially harmful trace elements. Although it has been well established that many of these toxic elements are present in the drainages from coal waste dumps, little is known about the quantities released into the environment from this source. The objectives of an ongoing research program at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory are to assess the nature and magnitude of the trace elements in the effluents from coal re… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Wagner, P.; Williams, J. M.; Wewerka, E. M.; Bertino, J. P.; Wangen, L. W. & Wanek, P. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental control technology for coal cleaning wastes

Chemical and mineralogical examination of coal wastes and their drainages has led us to consider three approaches to solution of the coal waste drainage problem. The first is alteration of the waste to render it non-polluting. Calcining of the waste has been shown to be an effective way of accomplishing this, but the cost of this technique is too high for it to be of any use. The second approach is codisposal of the coal waste with neutralizing and/or absorbing agents. The best way to implement… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Wagner, P.; Heaton, R. C.; Wangen, L. E.; Nyitray, A. M. & Jones, M. M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Groundwater contamination problems resulting from coal refuse disposal

An inherent problem in the disposal of solid waste on land is the possibility of groundwater contamination by leachates from the waste. In the few studies conducted on the effects of coal refuse disposal on groundwater quality, significant impacts have been observed. Based on past and present rates of coal refuse disposal and current knowledge of water chemistry of runoff and seeps from refuse piles, significant groundwater contamination may be occurring in the eastern and midwestern United Sta… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Schubert, J.P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Transport of contaminants from energy-process-waste leachates through subsurface soils and soil components: laboratory experiments

The subsurface transport and attenuation of inorganic contaminants common to a variety of energy process waste leachates are being studied using laboratory column methods. Anionic species currently being emphasized are As, B, Mo, and Se. Transport of the cations Cd and Ni is also being studied. The solid adsorbents consist of three soil mineral components (silica sand, kaolinite, and goethite), and four subsurface soils (a dunal sand, an oxidic sandy clay loam, an acidic clay loam, and an alkal… more

Date: August 1, 1982

Creator: Wangen, L. E.; Stallings, E. A. & Walker, R. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Utilization of coal associated minerals. Quarterly report No. 11, April 1-June 30, 1980

The purpose of this research program is to examine the effects of coal mineral materials on coal waste by-product utilization and to investigate new and improved methods for the utilization of waste by-products from cleaning, combustion and conversion processing of coal. The intermediate objectives include: (1) the examination of the effects of cleaning, gasification and combustion on coal mineral materials; and (2) the changes which occur in the coal wastes as a result of both form and distrib… more

Date: August 29, 1980

Creator: Slonaker, J. F.; Akers, D. J. & Alderman, J. K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Coal power and combustion. Quarterly report, January--March 1977

ERDA's coal combustion and power program has focused on two major areas: Direct combustion of coal and advanced power systems. Efforts in the area of direct combustion are concentrated on: Development of atmospheric and pressurized systems capable of burning high-sulfur coal of all rank and quality in fluidized-bed combustors; development of advanced technology power systems to generate power more economically than present technology permits while using medium- and high-sulfur coal in an enviro… more

Date: December 1, 1977

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Evaluation of Coal Minerals and Metal Residues as Coal-Liquefaction Catalysts. Final Report

The catalytic activity of various minerals, metallic wastes, and transition metals was investigated in the liquefaction of various coals. The effects of coal type, process variables, coal cleaning, catalyst addition mode, solvent quality, and solvent modification on coal conversion and oil production were also studied. Coal conversion and oil production improved significantly by the addition of pyrite, reduced pyrite, speculite, red mud, flue dust, zinc sulfide, and various transition metal com… more

Date: February 1, 1982

Creator: Garg, D.; Givens, E. N.; Schweighardt, F. K.; Tarrer, A. R.; Guin, J. A.; Curtis, C. W. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Trace element characterization of coal wastes. Fourth annual progress report, October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979

In the past year assessment studies of low-sulfur coal wastes from the Appalachian Region have been continued. These included mineralogical and trace elemental analyses on these materials and studies of their weathering and leaching behavior. Although the concentrations of the acid-forming minerals (pyrite and marcasite) were very low, leachates were quite acid (pH < 3) with concomitant trace element (Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) concentration elevation. As part of the overall assessment of the degree o… more

Date: April 1, 1981

Creator: Williams, J. M.; Bertino, J. P.; Jones, M. M.; Wagner, P.; Wanek, P. L.; Wangen, L. E. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Environmental control technology for contaminated drainage from coal and coal wastes

The aqueous drainage from coal piles and coal refuse dumps frequently is contaminated with acids and a variety of trace elements and inorganic constituents. The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is conducting research, jointly supported by DOE/ECT and EPA, to assess the nature and magnitude of trace elements in the drainage from coals and coal preparation wastes, to identify the trace elements of environmental concern in these effluents, and to define necessary environmental control technology f… more

Date: January 1, 1978

Creator: Wewerka, E. M.; Bertino, J. P.; Wagner, P.; Williams, J. M.; Wanek, P. L. & Wangen, L. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Role of non-ferrous coal minerals and by-product metallic wastes in coal liquefaction. Technical progress report, September 1-November 30, 1979

This report describes work done in the first quarter of a study of the role of coal minerals and by-product metallic wastes in coal liquefaction. Samples of Elkhorn No. 3 coal, SRC-II Fuel Oil Blend, Robena pyrite and magnetite, and various other minerals were acquired. SRC-II Fuel Oil Blend was distilled to obtain the 550/sup 0/F+ fraction which will be used for coal liquefaction runs. The thermal stability of pyrite and other minerals was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in the… more

Date: December 1, 1979

Creator: Garg, D; Givens, E N; Clinton, J H; Tarrer, A R; Guin, J A; Curtis, C W et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Role of Non-Ferrous Coal Minerals and by-Product Metallic Wastes in Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, June 1, 1980-August 31, 1980

Additional data on the pyrite catalysis of liquefaction of Elkhorn number 3 coal are presented. The liquefaction of Elkhorn number 3 coal was significantly catalyzed by the presence of pyrite. Coal conversion, oil yield and preasphaltene conversion all increased when pyrite was added. An increase in hydrocarbon gas make accompanied by a higher hydrogen consumption were also observed. The higher activity in the presence of pyrite could be utilized by running the liquefaction step at milder condi… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Garg, D.; Givens, E. N.; Schweighardt, F. K.; Clinton, J. H.; Tarrer, A. R.; Guin, J. A. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department