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Pacific Northwest Laboratory, annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 4. Physical sciences

Description: Part 4 of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1983 to the Office of Energy Research, includes those programs funded under the title Physical and Technological Research. The Field Task Program Studies reports in this document are grouped under the subheadings and each section is introduced by a divider page that indicates the Field Task Agreement reported in that section. These reports only briefly indicate progress made during 1983. The reader should contact the principal investi… more
Date: February 1, 1984
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of environmental dosimetry models for applicability to possible radioactive waste repository discharges

Description: This report presents the results of a review of the available codes, for application to the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) Program. Consideration was given to the types of radionuclides which may be of concern, the possible modes of release of these radionuclides and the various pathways by which members of the general public in the vicinity of a terminal storage facility may be exposed to the releases. Results reveal that the types and quantities of radioactive material requiring dispo… more
Date: September 1, 1977
Creator: Mauro, J. J.; Michlewicz, D. & Letizia, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Radiation dosimetry through spectral definition

Description: We have developed a fieldable instrumentation system for determining from measured flux spectra, both the neutron and gamma ray dose rate distributions associated with radioactive sources. This system includes the sensors, the computer-based data acquisition and analysis hardware, and the requisite software for unfolding the sensor response functions to obtain the flux spectra, and for folding the resultant flux spectra with appropriate flux spectrum-to-dose conversion factors. We use bismuth g… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Dowdy, E. J.; Moss, C. E.; Robba, A. A.; Evans, A. E.; Lucas, M. C.; Shunk, E. R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Field characterization and personal dosimetry at a high energy ion accelerator

Description: The response of a variety of dosimeters was evaluated in the radiation field outside the shielding of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac Biomedical Facility. The primary beam was 580 MeV/center dot/A neon ions, incident upon a 30.5-cm polyethylene cube. The field was characterized by a neutron spectrometer consisting of Bonner spheres and other detectors and by estimates of charged particle fluences in NTA film and in the Berklet spectrometer. The responses of American Acrylics CR-39 trac… more
Date: March 1, 1988
Creator: Greenhouse, N. A.; Busick, D. D.; de Castro, T. M.; Elwyn, A. J.; Hankins, D. E.; Ipe, N. E et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Detectors for radiation dosimetry

Description: For our purposes in this review, we note the following points: (1) for charged particle detection, these counters can be filled with any noble gas-quenching gas mixture that produces satisfactory electrical signals; (2) neutron counters, in which the neutrons are detected by their interaction with the specific filling of the chamber to yield an ionizing particle, require special gas mixtures containing /sup 3/He or BF/sub 3/, an alternative approach is to coat the inner surface of the cathode w… more
Date: September 1, 1979
Creator: Perez-Mendez, V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Introduction to albedo neutron dosimeters

Description: The design, operation, calibration, and performance of albedo neutron dosimeters are discussed. An albedo neutron dosimeter is designed to measure the flux of thermal neutrons which leave the body when a person is exposed to fast energy neutrons. The fast neutrons are scattered and moderated in the body, and many have lost most of their initial energy and emerge as thermal neutrons. The albedo neutron dosimeter is designed to detect this flux of thermal neutrons by using a thermal neutron detec… more
Date: January 16, 1978
Creator: Hankins, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Internal dosimetry technical basis manual

Description: The internal dosimetry program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) consists of radiation protection programs and activities used to detect and evaluate intakes of radioactive material by radiation workers. Examples of such programs are: air monitoring; surface contamination monitoring; personal contamination surveys; radiobioassay; and dose assessment. The objectives of the internal dosimetry program are to demonstrate that the workplace is under control and that workers are not being exposed to r… more
Date: December 20, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons

Description: Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons have been calculated for approximately 500 radionuclides of potential importance in environmental radiological assessments. The dose-rate factors were obtained using the DOSFACTER computer code. The results given in this report incorporate calculation of electron dose-rate factors for radiosensitive tissues of the skin, improved estimates of organ dose-rate factors for photons, based on organ doses for monoenergetic sou… more
Date: August 1, 1981
Creator: Kocher, David C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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New technique to improve the accuracy of albedo neutron dosimeter evaluations

Description: The calibration factor for albedo neutron dosimeters varies greatly depending upon the energy of the neutrons in the exposure. Calibration results obtained over an eight-year period at each Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory facility where neutron exposure may occur were reviewed. A stronger relationship than expected was found between the ratio of the readings of the 9-in. to 3-in. spheres and the percent thermal. Readings from personnel and albedo badges were reviewed. The readings were c… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Hankins, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A historical review of portable health physics instruments and their use in radiation protection programs at Hanford, 1944 through 1988

Description: This historical review covers portable health physics instruments at Hanford from an applications viewpoint. The review provides information on specific instruments and on the general kinds of facility work environments in which the instruments have been and are being used. It provides a short, modestly technical explanation of the types of nuclear radiations, the way radiation units are quantified, and the types of nuclear radiations, the way radiation units are quantified, and the types of de… more
Date: September 1, 1989
Creator: Howell, W. P.; Kenoyer, J. L.; Kress, M. L.; Swinth, K. L.; Corbit, C. D.; Zuerner, L. V. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Further testing of pocket-sized electronic dosimeters

Description: The experiences of industrial radiographers have indicated that electronic radiation-warning devices become inoperative when they are used under some types of ambient conditions. This report, documents the nature of tests performed on several additional commercially available models. None of the three models tested passed the tests for ruggedness and severe environmental conditions. However all models passed most of the requirements of a Health Physics Society draft standard of performance spec… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Fox, R.A.; Hooker, C.D. & Hogan, B.T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of the neutron dose received by personnel at the LLNL

Description: This report was prepared to document the techniques being used to evaluate the neutron exposures received by personnel at the LLNL. Two types of evaluations are discussed covering the use of the routine personnel dosimeter and of the albedo neutron dosimeter. Included in the report are field survey results which were used to determine the calibration factors being applied to the dosimeter readings. Calibration procedures are discussed and recommendations are made on calibration and evaluation p… more
Date: May 1, 1982
Creator: Hankins, D.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low level waste management: a compilation of models and monitoring techniques. Volume 1

Description: In support of the National Low-Level Waste (LLW) Management Research and Development Program being carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Science Applications, Inc., conducted a survey of models and monitoring techniques associated with the transport of radionuclides and other chemical species from LLW burial sites. As a result of this survey, approximately 350 models were identified. For each model the purpose and a brief description are presented. To the extent possible, a point of con… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Mosier, J. E.; Fowler, J. R. & Barton, C. J. (comps.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of federal microwave standards

Description: Present and future federal regulatory processes which may impact the permissible levels of microwave radiation emitted by the SPS Microwave Power Transmission (MPTS) were studied. An historical development of US occupational and public microwave standards includes an overview of Western and East European philosophies of environmental protection and neurophysiology which have led to the current widely differing maximum permissible exposure limits to microwaves. The possible convergence of microw… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: David, L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Passive neutron dosimetry on cruise missile tests

Description: One of the components exercised during development tests of cruise missiles is the neutron generator that supplies the burst of neutrons needed to initiate a nuclear explosion. The subject of this report is a method of verifying the production of neutrons using a passive neutron activation technique that is sufficiently sensitive to detect a decay rate of a few atoms per hour.
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Ewing, R.I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dosimetry measurements external to a 10 kiloliter liquid-air vessel containing a D-T neutron source. [14 MeV neutrons]

Description: To determine the radiation attenuation characteristics of liquid air (109 g/cm/sup 2/ thick) for 14 MeV neutrons from a central D-T source in a 10 kL vessel, radiation dose measurements were made using a large tissue-equivalent ion chamber external to the vessel. The shielding characteristics of steel spherical shells were also investigated. Experimental results were analyzed and compared with TARTNP Monte Carlo code calculations. Degradation of the ion chamber's response to high-energy neutron… more
Date: October 10, 1977
Creator: Tripler, D. J.; Goldberg, E. & Farley, W. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Personnel neutron dosimetry at Department of Energy facilities

Description: This study assesses the state of personnel neutron dosimetry at DOE facilities. A survey of the personnel dosimetry systems in use at major DOE facilities was conducted, a literature search was made to determine recent advances in neutron dosimetry, and several dosimetry experts were interviewed. It was concluded that personnel neutron dosimeters do not meet current needs and that serious problems exist now and will increase in the future if neutron quality factors are increased and/or dose lim… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Brackenbush, L.W.; Endres, G.W.R.; Selby, J.M. & Vallario, E.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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1990 Environmental Monitoring Report, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Description: This 1990 report contains monitoring data from routine radiological and nonradiological environmental surveillance activities. Summaries of significant environmental compliance programs in progress such as National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documentation, environmental permits, environmental restoration, and various waste management programs for Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque (SNL, Albuquerque) are included. The maximum offsite dose impact was calculated to be 2.0 {times} 10{… more
Date: May 1, 1991
Creator: Hwang, S.; Yeager, G.; Wolff, T.; Parsons, A.; Dionne, D.; Massey, C. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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As low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA) studies relative to the NWTS program

Description: The history of development of the as-low-as-is-reasonably achievable (ALARA) concept and ALARA criteria for radiation exposures as applied to both off-site (environmental) and on-site (occupational) exposures at nuclear power plants are reviewed. The current status of activities within the various federal agencies directed toward developing ALARA criteria for other areas of the nuclear fuel cycle is presented. Based on the historical development, the present activities, and on discussions with … more
Date: October 1, 1977
Creator: Abrams, L. A.; Schlegel, R. L. & Sullivan, R. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Develop real-time dosimetry concepts and instrumentation for long-term missions. Technical progress report, February 1981 to February 1982

Description: Major objectives in the process of developing a rugged portable instrument to evaluate dose and dose equivalent have been achieved. A tissue-equivalent proportional counter simulating a 2 micrometer spherical tissue volume has operated satisfactorily for over a year. The basic elements of the electronic system have been designed and tested. And finally, the most suitable mathematical technique for evaluating dose equivalent with a portable instrument has been selected. Design and fabrication of… more
Date: May 1, 1982
Creator: Braby, L.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Contribution of secondary electrons to radiation fields produced by pion beams

Description: In recent years many biological and therapeutic studies have been done with a variety of high-energy particles. Although the theoretical and experimental application of collision cross sections for low-energy particles (less than or equal to 20 MeV) to microsodimetry continues to be a major area of interest, relatively little effort has been devoted to the application of such cross sections to a description of the interaction of high-energy particles in tissue. This article presents an approach… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Dicello, J.F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron response of a new albedo-neutron dosimeter

Description: The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is converting from a film badge to a badge containing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). The new dosimeter consists of a plastic badge holding an aluminum card which contains three TLD-700 and one TLD-600 Harshaw LiF chips. In the albedo-neutron portion of the badge, based on Hankins' design, the TLD-600 and one TLD-700 chips are shielded from thermal neutrons by 0.026-inch-thick cadmium. From the difference in readings of these two TLD's, the neutron dos… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Blackstock, A. W.; Cortez, J. R.; Littlejohn, G. J. & Storm, E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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