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International research into chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternatives

Description: Selected researchers from 21 countries were queried through questionnaires about their current and planned research activities. The results of the survey show that the majority of research being conducted by the respondents is devoted to investigating the hydrogenated fluorocarbon HFC-134a as a replacement for CFC-12 in refrigeration applications. The main issue with this alternative is identifying compatible lubricants that do not reduce its effectiveness.
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Marseille, T. J.; Shankle, D. L. & Thurman, A. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Materials compatibility and lubricants research on CFC-refrigerant substitutes: Thermophysical properties

Description: Numerous fluids have been identified as promising alternative refrigerants, but much of the information needed to predict their behavior as pure fluids and as components in mixtures does not exist. In particular, reliable thermophysical properties data and models are needed to predict the performance of the new refrigerants in heating and cooling equipment, and to design and optimize equipment to be reliable and energy efficient. The objective of this project is to provide highly accurate, sele… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Kayser, R.F. (National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States). Thermophysics Div.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Atmospheric radiation measurement: A program for improving radiative forcing and feedback in general circulation models

Description: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is a key element of the Department of Energy's (DOE's) global change research strategy. ARM represents a long-term commitment to conduct comprehensive studies of the spectral atmospheric radiative energy balance profile for a wide range of cloud conditions and surface types, and to develop the knowledge necessary to improve parameterizations of radiative processes under various cloud regimes for use in general circulation models (GCMs) and rel… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Patrinos, A.A. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)); Renne, D.S.; Stokes, G.M. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Ellingson, R.G. (Maryland Univ., College Park, MD (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of transportation fuels and electricity

Description: This report presents estimates of full fuel-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases from using transportation fuels and electricity. The data cover emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, and nonmethane organic compounds resulting from the end use of fuels, compression or liquefaction of gaseous transportation fuels, fuel distribution, fuel production, feedstock transport, feedstock recovery, manufacture of motor vehicles, maintenance of tr… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: DeLuchi, M.A. (California Univ., Davis, CA (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemical and thermal stability of refrigerant-lubricant mixture with metal

Description: This report presents completed sealed tube stability test results for the R-123/mineral oil mixture and preliminary results for seven of the eighteen contracted refrigerant-lubricant mixtures. The R-123 mixture was tested at 105, 150, and 175{degrees}C. The results obtained indicate that prolonged exposure to temperatures of about 150{degree}C and higher will lead to rapid chemical deterioration of the R-123/mineral oil system. Chlorotrifluoroethane (R-133a) and trifluoroethane (R-143a) have be… more
Date: March 31, 1992
Creator: Huttenlocher, D.F. (Spauschus Associates, Inc., Atlanta, GA (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
captions transcript

[News Clip: Aerosols]

Description: Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: April 15, 1979, 10:00 p.m.
Duration: 1 minute 20 seconds
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Video
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections
open access

Synthesis of new high performance lubricants and solid lubricants

Description: We have started to make a number of classes of new perfluoropolyethers both in the solid lubricant area and liquid lubricant area. We have prepared some chlorofluoroethers for testing as additives for normal petroleum and polyalphaolefin lubricants which are so widely used in the United States. Perfluoropolyethers are not soluble in hydrocarbons. On the other hand, these chlorofluoropolyethers are soluble in substantial amounts in simple hydrocarbons. These are uniquely capable of being additiv… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Lagow, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Malone refrigeration

Description: Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It's potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and reasonable cost. One Malone refrigerator has been built and studied; two more are under construction. Malone refrigeration is such a new, relatively unexplored technology that the potential for… more
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Swift, G.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cleaning up our act: Alternatives for hazardous solvents used in cleaning

Description: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has studied more than 70 alternative cleaners as potential replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., trichloroethylene and trichloroethane), hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene and Stoddard Solvent), and volatile organic compounds (e.g., acetone, alcohols). This report summarizes LLNL`s findings after testing more than 45 proprietary formulations on bench-scale testing equipment and in more than 60 actual shops and laborat… more
Date: January 1, 1994
Creator: Shoemaker, J. D.; Meltzer, M.; Miscovich, D.; Montoya, D.; Goodrich, P. & Blycker, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States, 1985--1990

Description: The Earth`s capacity to support life depends on the moderating influences of gases that envelop the planet and warm its surface and protect it from harmful radiation. These gases are referred to as ``greenhouse gases.`` Their warming capacity, called ``the greenhouse effect,`` is essential to maintaining a climate hospitable to all plant, animal, and human life. In recent years, however, there has been increasing concern that human activity may be affecting the intricate balance between the Ear… more
Date: November 10, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation and qualification of environmentally conscious manufacturing processes for commercial and military applications

Description: Environmental regulations are encouraging the development of new environmentally conscious manufacturing (ECNP processes. However, the quality and reliability of these processes and hardware produced must be understood prior to implementing these new technologies in factories. Furthermore, military hardware fabrication is governed by standards and specifications that frequently mandate the use of older, less environmentally friendly processes or materials, or prohibit the use of new ECM process… more
Date: March 1, 1995
Creator: Anderson, D. J.; Cranwell, R. M.; Iman, R. & Van Buren, P. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Sealed tube comparisons of the compatibility of desiccants with refrigerants and lubricants. Quarterly technical progress report, January 1994--March 1994

Description: Continuing environmental concerns mandate replacement of CFC`s with alternate refrigeration fluids. At this time relatively little testing has been reported in the literature for compatibility of desiccants in these new working fluids. Using bench scale test methods generally accepted throughout the industry today, this work will provide data necessary to assess the compatibility or virtually all of the currently used desiccant types - both bead and molded core, with thirteen refrigerant/lubric… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Field, J. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemical and thermal stability of refrigerant-lubricant mixture with metal. Materials compatibility and lubricants research on CFC-refrigerant substitutes: Quarterly report, 1 February 1992--31 March 1992

Description: This report presents completed sealed tube stability test results for the R-123/mineral oil mixture and preliminary results for seven of the eighteen contracted refrigerant-lubricant mixtures. The R-123 mixture was tested at 105, 150, and 175{degrees}C. The results obtained indicate that prolonged exposure to temperatures of about 150{degree}C and higher will lead to rapid chemical deterioration of the R-123/mineral oil system. Chlorotrifluoroethane (R-133a) and trifluoroethane (R-143a) have be… more
Date: March 31, 1992
Creator: Huttenlocher, D. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Materials compatibility and lubricants research on CFC-refrigerant substitutes: Thermophysical properties. Quarterly report, 1 January 1992--31 March 1992

Description: Numerous fluids have been identified as promising alternative refrigerants, but much of the information needed to predict their behavior as pure fluids and as components in mixtures does not exist. In particular, reliable thermophysical properties data and models are needed to predict the performance of the new refrigerants in heating and cooling equipment, and to design and optimize equipment to be reliable and energy efficient. The objective of this project is to provide highly accurate, sele… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Kayser, R. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

International research into chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternatives

Description: Selected researchers from 21 countries were queried through questionnaires about their current and planned research activities. The results of the survey show that the majority of research being conducted by the respondents is devoted to investigating the hydrogenated fluorocarbon HFC-134a as a replacement for CFC-12 in refrigeration applications. The main issue with this alternative is identifying compatible lubricants that do not reduce its effectiveness.
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Marseille, T. J.; Shankle, D. L. & Thurman, A. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A freon-filled, holographic bubble chamber as a high energy photon burst spectrometer

Description: A small holographic, freon-filled bubble chamber is being built to measure the energy spectrum of high-energy photons (energy above a few 100 keV) emitted in a short burst (less than about 1 ms duration). The photon energy is calculated from the scattered electron`s energy and direction in the case of Compton scattering or from the electron and positron energies in the case of pair production. Electron and positron energies are determined from the curvature of the tracks in a magnetic field. Th… more
Date: April 26, 1994
Creator: Dendooven, P. G. & Lerche, R. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Long-range global warming impact of gaseous diffusion plant operation

Description: The DOE gaseous diffusion plant complex makes extensive use of CFC-114 as a primary coolant. As this material is on the Montreal Protocol list of materials scheduled for production curtailment, a substitute must be found. In addition to physical cooling properties, the gaseous diffusion application imposes the unique requirement of chemical inertness to fluorinating agents. This has narrowed the selection of a near-term substitute to two fully fluorinated material, FC-318 and FC-3110, which are… more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Trowbridge, L. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Statement on global climate change before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power, United States House of Representatives

Description: Greenhouse gases are gases which are effectively transparent to incoming sunlight but absorb infrared radiation escaping to space and thereby warm the surface of the Earth. Human activities result in the release of greenhouse and related gases in such quantities that they are changing the composition of the atmosphere. Greenhouse and related gases which human activities release include carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane (CH{sub 4}) carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O), nitrogen oxid… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Edmonds, J. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Atmospheric radiation measurement: A program for improving radiative forcing and feedback in general circulation models

Description: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is a key element of the Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) global change research strategy. ARM represents a long-term commitment to conduct comprehensive studies of the spectral atmospheric radiative energy balance profile for a wide range of cloud conditions and surface types, and to develop the knowledge necessary to improve parameterizations of radiative processes under various cloud regimes for use in general circulation models (GCMs) and rel… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Patrinos, A. A.; Renne, D. S.; Stokes, G. M. & Ellingson, R. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Testing of CFC replacement fluids for arc-induced toxic by-products

Description: The authors have developed a unique test-stand for quantifying the generation of perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) in chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement fluids when they are subjected to high electrical stress/breakdown environments. PFIB is an extremely toxic gas with a threshold limit value of 10 ppbv as set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. They have tested several new fluids from various manufacturers for their potential to generate PFIB. Their goal is to determi… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Cravey, W. R.; Goerz, D. A. & Hawley-Fedder, R. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Photon excitation for satellite free x-ray spectroscopy: Instrumentation challenges

Description: First systematic study of satellites in x-ray emission spectra was performed by Deslattes using quasi-monochromatic photon excitation from a group of L{alpha} x-ray sources lying close to the K edge of Cl. He observed significant alterations in the Cl K{beta} spectrum of KCl depending on the character of the excitation radiation and identified the initial state of these satellites as a double vacancy state. Recently, the valence electronic structure of the chlorofluoromethanes were analyzed by … more
Date: October 1, 1991
Creator: Perera, R. C. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Malone refrigeration

Description: Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It`s potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and reasonable cost. One Malone refrigerator has been built and studied; two more are under construction. Malone refrigeration is such a new, relatively unexplored technology that the potential for… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Swift, G. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fluid dynamic effects on precision cleaning with supercritical fluids

Description: Pacific Northwest Laboratory staff have assembled a small supercritical fluids parts cleaning test stand to characterize how system dynamics affect the efficacy of precision cleaning with supercritical carbon dioxide. A soiled stainless steel coupon, loaded into a ``Berty`` autoclave, was used to investigate how changes in system turbulence and solvent temperature influenced the removal of test dopants. A pulsed laser beam through a fiber optic was used to investigate real-time contaminant remo… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Phelps, M. R.; Hogan, M. O. & Silva, L. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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